© 2003 by Oxford University Press
© 2003 Oxford University Press
SPECIAL ARTICLE |
Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 19752000, Featuring the Uses of Surveillance Data for Cancer Prevention and Control
Affiliations of authors: H. K. Weir, P. A. Wingo, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; M. J. Thun, A. Jemal, E. Ward, Epidemiology and Surveillance Research Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta; B. F. Hankey, L. A. G. Ries, B. K. Edwards, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; H. L. Howe, North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, Springfield, IL; R. N. Anderson, Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD.
Correspondence to: Hannah K. Weir, PhD, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS K-53, 4770 Buford Hwy., Atlanta, GA 30341 (e-mail: hbw4{at}cdc.gov).
Background: The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to update cancer rates and trends in the United States. This report updates statistics on lung, female breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers and highlights the uses of selected surveillance data to assist development of state-based cancer control plans. Methods: Age-adjusted incidence rates from 1996 through 2000 are from state and metropolitan area cancer registries that met NAACCR criteria for highest quality. Death rates are based on underlying cause-of-death data. Long-term trends and rates for major racial and ethnic populations are based on NCI and CDC data. Incidence trends from 1975 through 2000 were adjusted for reporting delays. State-specific screening and risk factor survey data are from the CDC and other federal and private organizations. Results: Cancer incidence rates for all cancer sites combined increased from the mid-1970s through 1992 and then decreased from 1992 through 1995. Observed incidence rates for all cancers combined were essentially stable from 1995 through 2000, whereas the delay-adjusted trend showed an increase that had borderline statistical significance (P = .05). Increases in the incidence rates of breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men offset a long-term decrease in lung cancer in men. Death rates for all cancer sites combined decreased beginning in 1994 and stabilized from 1998 through 2000, resulting in part from recent revisions in cause-of-death codes. Death rates among men continued to decline throughout the 1990s, whereas trends in death rates among women were essentially unchanged from 1998 through 2000. Analysis of state data for the leading cancers revealed mixed progress in achieving national objectives for improving cancer screening, risk factor reduction, and decreases in mortality. Conclusions: Overall cancer incidence and death rates began to stabilize in the mid- to late 1990s. The recent increase in the delay-adjusted trend will require monitoring with additional years of data. Further reduction in the burden of cancer is possible but will require the continuation of strong federal, state, local, and private partnerships to increase dissemination of evidence-based cancer control programs to all segments of the population.
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B. Davidson, S. Konstantinovsky, S. Nielsen, H. P. Dong, A. Berner, M. Vyberg, and R. Reich Altered Expression of Metastasis-Associated and Regulatory Molecules in Effusions from Breast Cancer Patients: A Novel Model for Tumor Progression Clin. Cancer Res., November 1, 2004; 10(21): 7335 - 7346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. Lipscomb, M. S. Donaldson, N. K. Arora, M. L. Brown, S. B. Clauser, A. L. Potosky, B. B. Reeve, J. H. Rowland, C. F. Snyder, and S. H. Taplin Cancer Outcomes Research J Natl Cancer Inst Monographs, October 1, 2004; 2004(33): 178 - 197. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. Yang, W.R. Bamlet, J.O. Ebbert, W.R. Taylor, and M. de Andrade Glutathione pathway genes and lung cancer risk in young and old populations Carcinogenesis, October 1, 2004; 25(10): 1935 - 1944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. J Khoury, R. Millikan, J. Little, and M. Gwinn The emergence of epidemiology in the genomics age Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2004; 33(5): 936 - 944. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. L Jones and A. U Buzdar A review of adjuvant hormonal therapy in breast cancer Endocr. Relat. Cancer, September 1, 2004; 11(3): 391 - 406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R Kiesslich and M F Neurath Endoscopic mucosal resection: an evolving therapeutic strategy for non-polypoid colorectal neoplasia Gut, September 1, 2004; 53(9): 1222 - 1224. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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N. P. Nunez, D. Jelovac, L. Macedo, D. Berrigan, S. N. Perkins, S. D. Hursting, J. C. Barrett, and A. Brodie Effects of the Antiestrogen Tamoxifen and the Aromatase Inhibitor Letrozole on Serum Hormones and Bone Characteristics in a Preclinical Tumor Model for Breast Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., August 15, 2004; 10(16): 5375 - 5380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Aharinejad, P. Paulus, M. Sioud, M. Hofmann, K. Zins, R. Schafer, E. R. Stanley, and D. Abraham Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Blockade by Antisense Oligonucleotides and Small Interfering RNAs Suppresses Growth of Human Mammary Tumor Xenografts in Mice Cancer Res., August 1, 2004; 64(15): 5378 - 5384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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L. M. Knowles, F. Axelrod, C. D. Browne, and J. W. Smith A Fatty Acid Synthase Blockade Induces Tumor Cell-cycle Arrest by Down-regulating Skp2 J. Biol. Chem., July 16, 2004; 279(29): 30540 - 30545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. S. Barnholtz-Sloan, A. E. Sloan, F. G. Davis, F. D. Vigneau, P. Lai, and R. E. Sawaya Incidence Proportions of Brain Metastases in Patients Diagnosed (1973 to 2001) in the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System J. Clin. Oncol., July 15, 2004; 22(14): 2865 - 2872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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X. Wu, V. W. Chen, J. Martin, S. Roffers, F. D. Groves, C. N. Correa, E. Hamilton-Byrd, and A. Jemal Subsite-Specific Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rates and Stage Distributions among Asians and Pacific Islanders in the United States, 1995 to 1999 Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2004; 13(7): 1215 - 1222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. A. Socinski, C. Zhang, J. E. Herndon II, R. O. Dillman, G. Clamon, E. Vokes, W. Akerley, J. Crawford, M. C. Perry, S. L. Seagren, et al. Combined modality trials of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: analysis of factors influencing survival and toxicity Ann. Onc., July 1, 2004; 15(7): 1033 - 1041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. Nakao, H. Kimata, T. Imai, T. Kikumori, O. Teshigahara, T. Nagasaka, F. Goshima, and Y. Nishiyama Intratumoral injection of herpes simplex virus HF10 in recurrent breast cancer Ann. Onc., June 1, 2004; 15(6): 988 - 989. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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L. Zhang, R. S. Maul, J. Rao, S. Apple, D. Seligson, M. Sartippour, R. Rubio, and M. N. Brooks Expression Pattern of the Novel Gene EG-1 in Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., May 15, 2004; 10(10): 3504 - 3508. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Sonmezer and K. Oktay Fertility preservation in female patients Hum. Reprod. Update, May 1, 2004; 10(3): 251 - 266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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L. H. Kuller, A. Thomas, G. Grandits, and J. D. Neaton Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels Up to 25 Years Prior to Death from Prostate Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 2004; 13(3): 373 - 377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. T. Macklem Con: Greater Funding of Cell and Molecular Biology Has Not Delivered What Was Promised to Respiratory Medicine Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 15, 2004; 169(4): 438 - 439. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. Jemal, R. C. Tiwari, T. Murray, A. Ghafoor, A. Samuels, E. Ward, E. J. Feuer, and M. J. Thun Cancer Statistics, 2004 CA Cancer J Clin, January 1, 2004; 54(1): 8 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. L. Remington and A. Trentham-Dietz Measuring Progress in Cancer Control: A Bird's Eye View Oncologist, December 1, 2003; 8(6): 539 - 540. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. Jemal, E. Ward, R. N. Anderson, and M. J. Thun Influence of Rules From the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases on U.S. Cancer Mortality Trends J Natl Cancer Inst, November 19, 2003; 95(22): 1727 - 1728. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M.J. Quinn Cancer Trends in the United States--A View From Europe J Natl Cancer Inst, September 3, 2003; 95(17): 1258 - 1261. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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