© 2002 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 94, No. 14, 1099-1106,
July 17, 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press
ARTICLE |
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF Binding Protein-3 as Predictors of Advanced-Stage Prostate Cancer
Affiliatons of authors: J. M. Chan, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Urology, University of California at San Francisco, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; M. J. Stampfer, E. Giovannucci, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; J. Ma, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; P. Gann, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL; J. M. Gaziano, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Veterans Administration Boston Health Care System, Boston; M. Pollak, Cancer Prevention Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Lady Davis Research Institute of the Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Correspondence to: June M. Chan, Sc.D., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Urology, UCSF, 3333 California St., Suite 280, San Francisco, CA 94118 (e-mail: Jchan{at}epi.ucsf.edu).
Background: Plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) have been associated with the risk of prostate cancer. However, the association of IGF-I with specific tumor stage and grade at diagnosis, which correlate with risk of recurrence and mortality, has not been studied rigorously. To determine whether plasma levels of IGF-I and its main circulating binding protein, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), predict more aggressive forms of prostate cancer, we investigated the association between plasma levels of each and specific stages and grades of prostate cancer. Methods: We examined 530 case patients and 534 control subjects in a nested case–control study in the prospective Physicians' Health Study. Patients with prostate cancer diagnosed from 1982 through 1995 were matched to control subjects by age and smoking status. IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were measured in prospectively collected plasma samples. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) for prostate cancer associated with IGF-I and IGFBP-3, stratified on grade (Gleason score 
7 versus <7) and stage (early = stage A or B prostate cancer versus advanced = stage C or D prostate cancer). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Plasma levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were predictors of advanced-stage prostate cancer (RR = 5.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0 to 13.2 for highest versus lowest quartiles of IGF-I; RR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1 to 0.6 for highest versus lowest quartiles of IGFBP-3) but not of early-stage prostate cancer. Neither was differentially associated with Gleason score. Men with high IGF-I levels and low IGFBP-3 levels had an RR for advanced-stage prostate cancer of 9.5 (95% CI = 1.9 to 48.4) compared with men with low levels of both. Combining IGF-I and IGFPB-3 measurements with a standard prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement for prostate cancer screening increased the specificity (from 91% to 93%) but decreased sensitivity (from 40% to 36%) compared with measurement of PSA alone. Conclusions: Circulating levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 may predict the risk of developing advanced-stage prostate cancer, but their utility for screening patients with incident prostate cancer may be limited.
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S. Rinaldi, R. Kaaks, A. Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A. A. Arslan, R. E. Shore, K. L. Koenig, L. Dossus, E. Riboli, P. Stattin, A. Lukanova, et al. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, IGF Binding Protein-3, and Breast Cancer in Young Women: A Comparison of Risk Estimates Using Different Peptide Assays Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 48 - 52. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. W. Voskuil, A. Vrieling, L. J. van't Veer, E. Kampman, and M. A. Rookus The Insulin-like Growth Factor System in Cancer Prevention: Potential of Dietary Intervention Strategies Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 195 - 203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. V. Patel, C. Rodriguez, E. J. Jacobs, L. Solomon, M. J. Thun, and E. E. Calle Recreational Physical Activity and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Large Cohort of U.S. Men Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 275 - 279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. L. Krueckl, R. A. Sikes, N. M. Edlund, R. H. Bell, A. Hurtado-Coll, L. Fazli, M. E. Gleave, and M. E. Cox Increased Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor Expression and Signaling Are Components of Androgen-Independent Progression in a Lineage-Derived Prostate Cancer Progression Model Cancer Res., December 1, 2004; 64(23): 8620 - 8629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. A. M. J. L. Janssen, M. F. Wildhagen, K. Ito, B. G. Blijenberg, R. H. N. van Schaik, M. J. Roobol, H. A. P. Pols, S. W. J. Lamberts, and F. H. Schroder Circulating Free Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I , Total IGF-I, and IGF Binding Protein-3 Levels Do Not Predict the Future Risk to Develop Prostate Cancer: Results of a Case-Control Study Involving 201 Patients within a Population-Based Screening with a 4-Year Interval J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2004; 89(9): 4391 - 4396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Stattin, S. Rinaldi, C. Biessy, U.-H. Stenman, G. Hallmans, and R. Kaaks High Levels of Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Increase Prostate Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study in a Population-Based Nonscreened Cohort J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 2004; 22(15): 3104 - 3112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. Ikezoe, S. Tanosaki, U. Krug, B. Liu, P. Cohen, H. Taguchi, and H. P. Koeffler Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 antagonizes the effects of retinoids in myeloid leukemia cells Blood, July 1, 2004; 104(1): 237 - 242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Ewart-Toland, J. M. Chan, J. Yuan, A. Balmain, and J. Ma A Gain of Function TGFB1 Polymorphism May Be Associated With Late Stage Prostate Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2004; 13(5): 759 - 764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. A. Platz, M. F. Leitzmann, E. B. Rimm, W. C. Willett, and E. Giovannucci Alcohol Intake, Drinking Patterns, and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Large Prospective Cohort Study Am. J. Epidemiol., March 1, 2004; 159(5): 444 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. Colao, D. Ferone, P. Marzullo, and G. Lombardi Systemic Complications of Acromegaly: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2004; 25(1): 102 - 152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. W. Crott, S.-W. Choi, J. M. Ordovas, J. S. Ditelberg, and J. B. Mason Effects of dietary folate and aging on gene expression in the colonic mucosa of rats: implications for carcinogenesis Carcinogenesis, January 1, 2004; 25(1): 69 - 76. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. B. Boyd Insulin and Cancer Integr Cancer Ther, December 1, 2003; 2(4): 315 - 329. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. K. Nam, W. W. Zhang, J. Trachtenberg, M. A. S. Jewett, M. Emami, D. Vesprini, W. Chu, M. Ho, J. Sweet, A. Evans, et al. Comprehensive Assessment of Candidate Genes and Serological Markers for the Detection of Prostate Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 2003; 12(12): 1429 - 1437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. A. Platz, M. F. Leitzmann, D. S. Michaud, W. C. Willett, and E. Giovannucci Interrelation of Energy Intake, Body Size, and Physical Activity with Prostate Cancer in a Large Prospective Cohort Study Cancer Res., December 1, 2003; 63(23): 8542 - 8548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Onuma, J. D. Bub, T. L. Rummel, and Y. Iwamoto Prostate Cancer Cell-Adipocyte Interaction: LEPTIN MEDIATES ANDROGEN-INDEPENDENT PROSTATE CANCER CELL PROLIFERATION THROUGH c-Jun NH2-TERMINAL KINASE J. Biol. Chem., October 24, 2003; 278(43): 42660 - 42667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 W.A. Schulz, M. Burchardt, and M.V. Cronauer Molecular biology of prostate cancer Mol. Hum. Reprod., August 1, 2003; 9(8): 437 - 448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Wang, T. Habuchi, N. Tsuchiya, K. Mitsumori, C. Ohyama, K. Sato, H. Kinoshita, T. Kamoto, A. Nakamura, O. Ogawa, et al. Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-3 Gene -202 A/C Polymorphism Is Correlated with Advanced Disease Status in Prostate Cancer Cancer Res., August 1, 2003; 63(15): 4407 - 4411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Rodriguez, M. L. McCullough, A. M. Mondul, E. J. Jacobs, D. Fakhrabadi-Shokoohi, E. L. Giovannucci, M. J. Thun, and E. E. Calle Calcium, Dairy Products, and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Prospective Cohort of United States Men Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2003; 12(7): 597 - 603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Fizazi, J. Yang, S. Peleg, C. R. Sikes, E. L. Kreimann, D. Daliani, M. Olive, K. A. Raymond, T. J. Janus, C. J. Logothetis, et al. Prostate Cancer Cells-Osteoblast Interaction Shifts Expression of Growth/Survival-related Genes in Prostate Cancer and Reduces Expression of Osteoprotegerin in Osteoblasts Clin. Cancer Res., July 1, 2003; 9(7): 2587 - 2597. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. B. Roninson Tumor Cell Senescence in Cancer Treatment Cancer Res., June 1, 2003; 63(11): 2705 - 2715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. O. Roberts, D. J. Jacobson, C. J. Girman, T. Rhodes, G. G. Klee, M. M. Lieber, and S. J. Jacobsen Insulin-like Growth Factor I, Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3, and Urologic Measures of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Am. J. Epidemiol., May 1, 2003; 157(9): 784 - 791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Lehrer, E. J. Diamond, M. J. Droller, N. N. Stone, and R. G. Stock Re: Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF Binding Protein-3 as Predictors of Advanced-Stage Prostate Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, December 18, 2002; 94(24): 1893 - 1893. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. M. Chan RESPONSE: Re: Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF Binding Protein-3 as Predictors of Advanced-Stage Prostate Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, December 18, 2002; 94(24): 1893 - 1894. [Full Text]
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