© 2001 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 93, No. 21, 1652-1655,
November 7, 2001
© 2001 Oxford University Press
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Oxidative Stress and p53 Mutations in the Carcinogenesis of Iron Overload-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Affiliations of authors: A. J. Marrogi, M. A. Khan, J. A. Welsh, H. Rahim, S. P. Hussain, C. C. Harris (Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research), H. E. van Gijssel, M. C. Poirier (Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, Center for Cancer Research), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; A. J. Demetris, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA; K. W. Kowdley, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle; J. Nair, H. Bartsch, German Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany; N. Okby, K. G. Ishak, Department of Hepatic and Gastrointestinal Pathology, The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC.
Correspondence to: Curtis C. Harris, M.D., National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 37, Rm. 2C05, MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD 208924255 (e-mail: Curtis_Harris@nih.gov).
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in individuals with hereditary hemochromatosis is 200 times greater than in the general population (1). This increased risk of HCC may be the result of deregulation of oxidation reduction and generation of reactive oxygen species from free iron, directly through the Fenton reaction and indirectly through the acceleration of lipid peroxidation [reviewed in (2)]. In an ironnitrilotriacetic acid rat model of hemochromatosis, renal samples showed an increase in the levels of several reactive intermediates, including 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and malondialdehyde (3,4), both of which are known to be cytotoxic and genotoxic (5,6). These increases were accompanied by decreased availability of systems that protect against oxidation by iron, such as vitamin E levels, the glutathione system, thiol-specific antioxidants, and superoxide dismutase (7,8). In addition, excess iron provides a strong growth-promotion advantage
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