© 2001 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 93, No. 10, 762-767,
May 16, 2001
© 2001 Oxford University Press
REPORT |
Lysophosphatidic Acid Induction of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells
Affiliations of authors: Y.-L. Hu, M.-K. Tee, R. B. Jaffe (Center for Reproductive Sciences), E. J. Goetzl (Departments of Medicine and Microbiology–Immunology), University of California, San Francisco; N. Auersperg, Departments of Anatomy and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada; G. B. Mills, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; N. Ferrara, Department of Cardiovascular Research, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA.
Correspondence to: Robert B. Jaffe, M.D., Center for Reproductive Sciences, Box 0556, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143 (e-mail: jaffer{at}obgyn.ucsf.edu).
Background: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) stimulates ovarian tumor growth at concentrations present in ascitic fluid. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates angiogenesis and plays a pivotal role in the formation of ovarian cancer-associated ascites. We examined whether LPA promotes ovarian tumor growth by increasing angiogenesis via VEGF. Methods: VEGF expression was examined in a simian virus 40 T-antigen-immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cell line (IOSE-29) and in ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, and CAOV-3) treated with LPA. VEGF promoter activity was measured in OVCAR-3 cells after transfection or cotransfection with c-Fos and c-Jun, components of AP1 transcription factor, potential binding sites for which are present in the VEGF promoter. The expression of the LPA receptors Edg2 and Edg4 was also assessed. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: LPA treatment increased steady-state VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in OVCAR-3 cells in a timeand dose-dependent fashion and stimulated VEGF promoter activity without prolonging mRNA half-life in these cells, but LPA had little effect on IOSE-29 cells. Forced overexpression of c-Jun and c-Fos in OVCAR-3 cells stimulated VEGF promoter activity fourfold. LPA also elevated VEGF protein levels by 1.5-fold in SKOV-3 cells (P = .0148), 1.9-fold in CAOV-3 cells (P<.001), and threefold in OVCAR-3 cells (P<.0001). Both Edg2 and Edg4 were detected in ovarian cancer cells; however, only Edg2 was present in normal ovarian surface epithelial cells and IOSE-29 cells. Conclusions: LPA stimulates ovarian tumor growth, at least in part, via induction of VEGF expression through transcriptional activation. However, this LPA response is not evident in normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. Our data suggest that Edg4, but not Edg2, plays a role in LPA stimulation of ovarian tumor growth.
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