© 2000 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 92, No. 19, 1592-1600,
October 4, 2000
© 2000 Oxford University Press
Serum C-Peptide, Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I, IGF-Binding Proteins, and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Women
Affiliations of authors: R. Kaaks, A. Lukanova, C. Biessy, S. Rinaldi, E. Riboli, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; P. Toniolo, A. Akhmedkhanov (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology), A. Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, R. E. Shore (Department of Environmental Medicine), New York University School of Medicine, New York; H. Dechaud, Central Laboratory for Biochemistry, Hôpital de l'Antiquaille, Lyon.
Correspondence to: Rudolf Kaaks, Ph.D., International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France (e-mail: kaaks{at}iarc.fr).
Background: Leading a Western lifestyle, being overweight, and being sedentary are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Recent theories propose that the effects of these risk factors may be mediated by increases in circulating insulin levels and in the bioactivity of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a case–control study nested within a cohort of 14 275 women in New York. Methods: We used blood samples that had been obtained from these women from March 1985 through June 1991 and stored in a biorepository. C-peptide (a marker for insulin secretion), IGF-I, and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs)-1, -2, and -3 were assayed in the serum of 102 women who subsequently developed colorectal cancer and 200 matched control subjects. Logistic regression was used to relate cancer risk to these peptide levels, by adjustment for other risk factors. All statistical tests used are two-sided. Results: Colorectal cancer risk increased with increasing levels of C-peptide (Ptrend = .001), up to an odds ratio (OR) of 2.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26–6.75) for the highest versus the lowest quintiles, after adjustment for smoking. For colon cancer alone (75 case subjects and 146 control subjects), ORs increased up to 3.96 (95% CI = 1.49–10.50; Ptrend <.001) for the highest versus the lowest quintiles. A statistically significant decrease in colorectal cancer risk was observed for increasing levels of IGFBP-1 (Ptrend = .02; OR in the upper quintile = 0.48 [95% CI = 0.23–1.00]), as well as for the highest quintile of IGFBP-2 levels (Ptrend = .06; OR = 0.38 [95% CI = 0.15–0.94]). Colorectal cancer risk showed a modest but statistically nonsignificant positive association with levels of IGF-I and was statistically significantly increased for the highest quintile of IGFBP-3 (OR = 2.46 [95% CI = 1.09–5.57]). Conclusions: Chronically high levels of circulating insulin and IGFs associated with a Western lifestyle may increase colorectal cancer risk, possibly by decreasing IGFBP-1 and increasing the bioactivity of IGF-I.
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L. M. Morimoto, P. A. Newcomb, E. White, J. Bigler, and J. D. Potter Variation in Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3: Genetic Factors Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2005; 14(6): 1394 - 1401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. A. Meyerhardt, J. A. Sloan, D. J. Sargent, R. M. Goldberg, M. Pollak, R. F. Morton, R. K. Ramanathan, S. K. Williamson, B. P. Findlay, and C. S. Fuchs Associations between Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor Proteins and C-Peptide and Quality of Life in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2005; 14(6): 1402 - 1410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Wu, W. C. Willett, S. E. Hankinson, and E. Giovannucci Caffeinated Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee, and Caffeine in Relation to Plasma C-Peptide Levels, a Marker of Insulin Secretion, in U.S. Women Diabetes Care, June 1, 2005; 28(6): 1390 - 1396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. M. Morimoto, P. A. Newcomb, E. White, J. Bigler, and J. D. Potter Insulin-like Growth Factor Polymorphisms and Colorectal Cancer Risk Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2005; 14(5): 1204 - 1211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Le Marchand, L. N. Kolonel, B. E. Henderson, and L. R. Wilkens Association of an Exon 1 Polymorphism in the IGFBP3 Gene with Circulating IGFBP-3 Levels and Colorectal Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2005; 14(5): 1319 - 1321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. K. Wei, J. Ma, M. N. Pollak, N. Rifai, C. S. Fuchs, S. E. Hankinson, and E. Giovannucci A Prospective Study of C-Peptide, Insulin-like Growth Factor-I, Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1, and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2005; 14(4): 850 - 855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. A Lavigne, D. J Baer, H. H Wimbrow, P. S Albert, E. D Brown, J. T Judd, W. S Campbell, C. A Giffen, J. F Dorgan, T. J Hartman, et al. Effects of alcohol on insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in postmenopausal women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2005; 81(2): 503 - 507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. C. Larsson, L. Bergkvist, and A. Wolk Magnesium Intake in Relation to Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women JAMA, January 5, 2005; 293(1): 86 - 89. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Rinaldi, R. Kaaks, A. Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A. A. Arslan, R. E. Shore, K. L. Koenig, L. Dossus, E. Riboli, P. Stattin, A. Lukanova, et al. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, IGF Binding Protein-3, and Breast Cancer in Young Women: A Comparison of Risk Estimates Using Different Peptide Assays Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 48 - 52. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Lukanova and R. Kaaks Endogenous Hormones and Ovarian Cancer: Epidemiology and Current Hypotheses Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 98 - 107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. J. Limburg, K. E. Anderson, T. W. Johnson, D. R. Jacobs Jr., D. Lazovich, C.-P. Hong, K. K. Nicodemus, and A. R. Folsom Diabetes Mellitus and Subsite-Specific Colorectal Cancer Risks in the Iowa Women's Health Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 133 - 137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. S. Michaud, C. S. Fuchs, S. Liu, W. C. Willett, G. A. Colditz, and E. Giovannucci Dietary Glycemic Load, Carbohydrate, Sugar, and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Men and Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 138 - 147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H.-L. Wong, K. DeLellis, N. Probst-Hensch, W.-P. Koh, D. Van Den Berg, H.-P. Lee, M. C. Yu, and S. A. Ingles A New Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Regulatory Region Associates with Colorectal Cancer Risk in Singapore Chinese Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 144 - 151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. W. Voskuil, A. Vrieling, L. J. van't Veer, E. Kampman, and M. A. Rookus The Insulin-like Growth Factor System in Cancer Prevention: Potential of Dietary Intervention Strategies Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 195 - 203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Terzolo, G. Reimondo, M. Gasperi, R. Cozzi, R. Pivonello, G. Vitale, A. Scillitani, R. Attanasio, E. Cecconi, F. Daffara, et al. Colonoscopic Screening and Follow-Up in Patients with Acromegaly: A Multicenter Study in Italy J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2005; 90(1): 84 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Wu, E. Giovannucci, T. Pischon, S. E Hankinson, J. Ma, N. Rifai, and E. B Rimm Fructose, glycemic load, and quantity and quality of carbohydrate in relation to plasma C-peptide concentrations in US women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2004; 80(4): 1043 - 1049. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. DeLellis, S. Rinaldi, R. J. Kaaks, L. N. Kolonel, B. Henderson, and L. Le Marchand Dietary and Lifestyle Correlates of Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3): The Multiethnic Cohort Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2004; 13(9): 1444 - 1451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. J. Borugian, S. B. Sheps, C. Kim-Sing, C. Van Patten, J. D. Potter, B. Dunn, R. P. Gallagher, and T. G. Hislop Insulin, Macronutrient Intake, and Physical Activity: Are Potential Indicators of Insulin Resistance Associated with Mortality from Breast Cancer? Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2004; 13(7): 1163 - 1172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. L. Slattery, W. Samowitz, K. Curtin, K. N. Ma, M. Hoffman, B. Caan, and S. Neuhausen Associations among IRS1, IRS2, IGF1, and IGFBP3 Genetic Polymorphisms and Colorectal Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2004; 13(7): 1206 - 1214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Ma, E. Giovannucci, M. Pollak, A. Leavitt, Y. Tao, J. M. Gaziano, and M. J. Stampfer A Prospective Study of Plasma C-Peptide and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Men J Natl Cancer Inst, April 7, 2004; 96(7): 546 - 553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Wolk, S. C. Larsson, B. Vessby, A. Wolk, and K. Brismar Metabolic, Anthropometric, and Nutritional Factors as Predictors of Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 Levels in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2004; 89(4): 1879 - 1884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. A. Meyerhardt, J. E. Tepper, D. Niedzwiecki, D. R. Hollis, A. D. McCollum, D. Brady, M. J. O'Connell, R. J. Mayer, B. Cummings, C. Willett, et al. Impact of Body Mass Index on Outcomes and Treatment-Related Toxicity in Patients With Stage II and III Rectal Cancer: Findings From Intergroup Trial 0114 J. Clin. Oncol., February 15, 2004; 22(4): 648 - 657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. S. Sandhu, J. M. Gibson, A. H. Heald, D. B. Dunger, and N. J. Wareham Association between Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I: Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-1 Ratio and Metabolic and Anthropometric Factors in Men and Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2004; 13(1): 166 - 170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. A. Laughlin, E. Barrett-Connor, M. H. Criqui, and D. Kritz-Silverstein The Prospective Association of Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-Binding Protein-1 Levels with All Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Older Adults: The Rancho Bernardo Study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2004; 89(1): 114 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Decensi, U. Veronesi, R. Miceli, H. Johansson, L. Mariani, T. Camerini, M. G. Di Mauro, E. Cavadini, G. De Palo, A. Costa, et al. Relationships between Plasma Insulin-like Growth Factor-I and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 and Second Breast Cancer Risk in a Prevention Trial of Fenretinide Clin. Cancer Res., October 15, 2003; 9(13): 4722 - 4729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. M. Y. Nomura, G. N. Stemmermann, J. Lee, and M. N. Pollak Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Subsequent Risk of Colorectal Cancer among Japanese-American Men Am. J. Epidemiol., September 1, 2003; 158(5): 424 - 431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. M. Probst-Hensch, H. Wang, V. H. H. Goh, A. Seow, H.-P. Lee, and M. C. Yu Determinants of Circulating Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 Concentrations in a Cohort of Singapore Men and Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., August 1, 2003; 12(8): 739 - 746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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X. Wu, G. Tortolero-Luna, H. Zhao, D. Phatak, M. R. Spitz, and M. Follen Serum Levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Risk of Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2003; 9(9): 3356 - 3361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Landi, V. Moreno, L. Gioia-Patricola, E. Guino, M. Navarro, J. de Oca, G. Capella, and F. Canzian Association of Common Polymorphisms in Inflammatory Genes Interleukin (IL)6, IL8, Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha}, NFKB1, and Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor {gamma} with Colorectal Cancer , Cancer Res., July 1, 2003; 63(13): 3560 - 3566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. R. Bruce Counterpoint: From Animal Models to Prevention of Colon Cancer. Criteria for Proceeding from Preclinical Studies and Choice of Models for Prevention Studies Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2003; 12(5): 401 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. H. Saydah, E. A. Platz, N. Rifai, M. N. Pollak, F. L. Brancati, and K. J. Helzlsouer Association of Markers of Insulin and Glucose Control with Subsequent Colorectal Cancer Risk Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2003; 12(5): 412 - 418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Fung, F. B. Hu, C. Fuchs, E. Giovannucci, D. J. Hunter, M. J. Stampfer, G. A. Colditz, and W. C. Willett Major Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women Arch Intern Med, February 10, 2003; 163(3): 309 - 314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. A. Meyerhardt, P. J. Catalano, D. G. Haller, R. J. Mayer, J. S. Macdonald, A. B. Benson III, and C. S. Fuchs Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Outcomes in Patients With Colon Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., February 1, 2003; 21(3): 433 - 440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. T. Tran, N. Gupta, T. Goh, D. Naigamwalla, M. C. Chia, N. Koohestani, S. Mehrotra, G. McKeown-Eyssen, A. Giacca, and W. R. Bruce Direct Measure of Insulin Sensitivity with the Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp and Surrogate Measures of Insulin Sensitivity with the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: Correlations with Aberrant Crypt Foci Promotion in Rats Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2003; 12(1): 47 - 56. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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