© 2000 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 92, No. 15, 1228-1239,
August 2, 2000
© 2000 Oxford University Press
Enhanced Activation of T Cells by Dendritic Cells Engineered to Hyperexpress a Triad of Costimulatory Molecules
Affiliations of authors: J. W. Hodge, D. W. Grosenbach, H. Sabzevari, J. Schlom, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; A. N. Rad, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Research Scholar's Program at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; A. Gómez Yafal, L. Gritz, Therion Biologics Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
Correspondence to: Jeffrey Schlom, Ph.D., National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Rm. 8B09, Bethesda, MD 20892-1750 (e-mail: js141c{at}nih.gov).
Background: Activation and proliferation of T cells are essential for a successful cellular immune response to an antigen. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) activate T cells through a two-signal mechanism. The first signal is antigen specific and causes T cells to enter the cell cycle. The second signal involves a costimulatory molecule that interacts with a ligand on the T-cell surface and leads to T-cell cytokine production and their proliferation. Dendritic cells express several costimulatory molecules and are believed to be the most potent APCs. Two recombinant poxvirus vectors (replication-defective avipox [fowlpox; rF] and a replication-competent vaccinia [rV]) have been engineered to express a triad of costimulatory molecules (B7-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and leukocyte function-associated antigen-3; designated TRICOM). This study was designed to determine if dendritic cells infected with these vectors would have an enhanced capacity to stimulate T-cell responses. Methods: Murine dendritic cells (of both intermediate maturity and full maturity) were infected with rF-TRICOM or rV-TRICOM and were used in vitro to stimulate naive T cells with the use of a pharmacologic agent as signal 1, to stimulate T cells in allospecific mixed lymphocyte cultures, and to stimulate CD8+ T cells specific for a peptide from the ovalbumin (OVA) protein. In addition, dendritic cells infected with TRICOM vectors were pulsed with OVA peptide and used to vaccinate mice to examine T-cell responses in vivo. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Dendritic cells infected with either rF-TRICOM or rV-TRICOM were found to greatly enhance naive T-cell activation (P<.001), allogeneic responses of T cells (P<.001), and peptide-specific T-cell stimulation in vitro (P<.001). Peptide-pulsed dendritic cells infected with rF-TRICOM or rV-TRICOM induced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in vivo to a markedly greater extent than peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (P = .001 in both). Conclusions: The ability of dendritic cells to activate both naive and effector T cells in vitro and in vivo can be enhanced with the use of poxvirus vectors that potentiate the hyperexpression of a triad of costimulatory molecules. Use of either rF-TRICOM or rV-TRICOM vectors significantly improved the efficacy of dendritic cells in priming specific immune responses. These studies have implications in vaccine strategies for both cancer and infectious diseases.
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