© 2000 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 92, No. 1, 61-68,
January 5, 2000
© 2000 Oxford University Press
REPORTS |
Fruit and Vegetable Intakes and Prostate Cancer Risk
Affiliations of authors: J. H. Cohen, Cancer Prevention Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; A. R. Kristal, Cancer Prevention Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Department of Epidemiology and Nutritional Sciences Program, University of Washington; J. L. Stanford, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, and Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
Correspondence to: Jennifer H. Cohen, M.P.H., Ph.D., Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, MP-702, 1100 Fairview Ave., N., Seattle, WA 98109-1024 (e-mail: jcohen{at}fhcrc.org).
BACKGROUND: There is extensive and consistent evidence that high fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with decreased risks of many cancers, but results for prostate cancer risk have been inconsistent. We studied the associations of fruit and vegetable intakes with prostate cancer risk in a population-based, case-control study of men under 65 years of age. METHODS: Case participants were 628 men from King County (Seattle area), WA, who were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer. Control participants were 602 men recruited from the same underlying population and frequency matched to case participants by age. Self-administered food-frequency questionnaires were used to assess diet over the 3- to 5-year period before diagnosis or recruitment. Daily nutrient intakes were calculated by use of a nutrient database with recently updated analytic values for carotenoids. Odds ratios for prostate cancer risk associated with foods and nutrients were calculated by use of unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: No associations were found between fruit intake and prostate cancer risk. The adjusted odds ratio (ORs) for the comparison of 28 or more servings of vegetables per week with fewer than 14 servings per week was 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.45-0.94), with a two-sided P for trend = .01. For cruciferous vegetable consumption, adjusted for covariates and total vegetable intake, the OR for comparison of three or more servings per week with less than one serving per week was 0.59 (95% CI = 0.39-0.90), with a two-sided P for trend = .02. The OR for daily intake of 2000 µg or more lutein plus zeaxanthin compared with an intake of less than 800 µg was 0.68 (95% CI = 0.45-1.00). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that high consumption of vegetables, particularly cruciferous vegetables, is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer.
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W. Demark-Wahnefried, B. L. Peterson, E. P. Winer, L. Marks, N. Aziz, P. K. Marcom, K. Blackwell, and B. K. Rimer Changes in Weight, Body Composition, and Factors Influencing Energy Balance Among Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy J. Clin. Oncol., May 1, 2001; 19(9): 2381 - 2389. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. S. Johnston, C. A. Taylor, and J. S Hampl More Americans Are Eating "5 A Day" but Intakes of Dark Green and Cruciferous Vegetables Remain Low J. Nutr., December 1, 2000; 130(12): 3063 - 3067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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