© 1999 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 91, No. 2, 182-184,
January 20, 1999
© 1999 Oxford University Press
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Role of Various Carotenoids in Lung Cancer Prevention
Affiliations of authors: P. Knekt, A. Aromaa, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; R. Järvinen, University of Kuopio, Finland; L. Teppo, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki; R. Seppänen, Social Insurance Institution, Turku, Finland.
Correspondence to: Paul Knekt, Dr.P.H., National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland (e-mail: paul.knekt@ktl.fi).
Consistent evidence suggests that high intake of fruits and
vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer. In
accordance with the hypothesis that this association is due to
ß-carotene, a considerable part of the observational studies on the
intake or serum concentration of ß-carotene has reported an inverse
association with lung cancer risk (1). Large intervention
trials testing the effect of ß-carotene supplementation that leads
to high plasma ß-carotene levels have, however, failed to confirm
this hypothesis (2,3). In contrast, these studies suggested an
increased risk for lung cancer among the individuals receiving
ß-carotene supplements. It is interesting that these intervention
trials revealed an inverse association between baseline dietary intake
and serum levels of ß-carotene and subsequent occurrence of lung
cancer. Thus, apparently some compounds, either ß-carotene or other
components highly
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