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JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1999 91(1):7-9; doi:10.1093/jnci/91.1.7
© 1999 by Oxford University Press
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Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 91, No. 1, 7-9, January 6, 1999
© 1999 Oxford University Press

EDITORIALS

Lung Cancer Promotion by ß-Carotene and Tobacco Smoke: Relationship to Suppression of Retinoic Acid Receptor-ß and Increased Activator Protein-1?

Reuben Lotan

Correspondence to: Reuben Lotan, Ph.D., Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030.

A considerable number of epidemiologic studies conducted in the 1970s and 1980s indicated that an inverse relationship exists between estimated intakes of ß-carotene and the risk of developing various types of cancer, especially lung cancer. These studies have led to the suggestion that dietary ß-carotene can reduce human cancer rates (1,2). Subsequent observational cohort and nested case-control studies based on measurement of carotenoids in blood and tissues showed consistent inverse association between blood ß-carotene and risk of lung cancer (1). Initially, it was thought that the conversion of ß-carotene to retinol (1,3) is the mechanism of its cancer preventive effects. However, the inability to demonstrate a consistent negative association between plasma retinol levels and cancer risk has led to the proposal that ß-carotene itself might exert chemopreventive effects. Several mechanisms have been proposed for such effects: 1) action as an . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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