© 1998 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 90, No. 20, 1529-1536,
October 21, 1998
©Copyright 1998 Oxford University Press
REVIEW |
Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors in Tumorigenesis (Part I)
Affiliation of author: Laboratory of Biomedical Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan.
Correspondence to: Makoto M. Taketo, M.D., Ph.D., Laboratory of Biomedical Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113, Japan (e-mail:taketo{at}mol.f.u-tokyo.ac.jp).
Dedicated to Sir Professor John Vane and Professor Osamu Hayaishi whose works inspired me to enter into this fascinating field of research.
The rate-limiting enzyme in arachidonate metabolism is mediated by enzymes known as cyclooxygenases (COXs). These enzymes catalyze the biosynthesis of prostaglandin H2, the precursor of molecules, such as prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes. The COX enzyme family consists of the classical COX-1 enzyme, which is constitutively expressed in many tissues, and a second enzyme, i.e., COX-2, which is induced by various stimuli, such as mitogens and cytokines, and is involved in many inflammatory reactions. Because nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2, these drugs also cause unwanted side effects, exemplified by gastrointestinal bleeding. Accumulating evidence indicates that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancers in human and experimental animals and can reduce the polyp number and size in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. This Part I (of a two-part review) focuses on the discovery of the COXs; their biochemical, molecular, and structural properties; and on the discovery of isozyme-specific inhibitors of COX activity. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:1529-36]
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  T. L. Tootle and A. C. Spradling Drosophila Pxt: a cyclooxygenase-like facilitator of follicle maturation Development, March 1, 2008; 135(5): 839 - 847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. K. Gill, G. Maskarinec, L. R. Wilkens, M. C. Pike, B. E. Henderson, and L. N. Kolonel Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Breast Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2007; 166(10): 1150 - 1158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. A. Narayanan, B. S. Reddy, M. C. Bosland, D. Nargi, L. Horton, C. Randolph, and N. K. Narayanan Exisulind in Combination with Celecoxib Modulates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Cyclooxygenase-2, and Cyclin D1 against Prostate Carcinogenesis: In vivo Evidence Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 2007; 13(19): 5965 - 5973. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Iwase, T. Higuchi, T. Gonda, H. Kobayashi, H. Uetake, M. Enomoto, and K. Sugihara The Effect of Meloxicam, a Selective COX-2 Inhibitor, on the Microvasculature of Small Metastatic Liver Tumors in Rats Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., September 1, 2007; 37(9): 673 - 678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Sinha, V. K. Clements, A. M. Fulton, and S. Ostrand-Rosenberg Prostaglandin E2 Promotes Tumor Progression by Inducing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Cancer Res., May 1, 2007; 67(9): 4507 - 4513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Ponthan, M. Wickstrom, H. Gleissman, O. M. Fuskevag, L. Segerstrom, B. Sveinbjornsson, C. P.F. Redfern, S. Eksborg, P. Kogner, and J. I. Johnsen Celecoxib Prevents Neuroblastoma Tumor Development and Potentiates the Effect of Chemotherapeutic Drugs In vitro and In vivo Clin. Cancer Res., February 1, 2007; 13(3): 1036 - 1044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. F. Zerbini, A. Czibere, Y. Wang, R. G. Correa, H. Otu, M. Joseph, Y. Takayasu, M. Silver, X. Gu, K. Ruchusatsawat, et al. A Novel Pathway Involving Melanoma Differentiation Associated Gene-7/Interleukin-24 Mediates Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug-Induced Apoptosis and Growth Arrest of Cancer Cells Cancer Res., December 15, 2006; 66(24): 11922 - 11931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Jayaprakash, N. R. Rigual, K. B. Moysich, T. R. Loree, M. A. S. Nasca, R. J. Menezes, and M. E. Reid Chemoprevention of head and neck cancer with aspirin: a case-control study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, November 1, 2006; 132(11): 1231 - 1236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Chen, M. E. Rose, H. Hwang, R. G. Nines, and G. D. Stoner Black raspberries inhibit N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced angiogenesis in rat esophagus parallel to the suppression of COX-2 and iNOS Carcinogenesis, November 1, 2006; 27(11): 2301 - 2307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Upadhyay, C. Liu, A. Chatterjee, M. O. Hoque, M. S. Kim, J. Engles, W. Westra, B. Trink, E. Ratovitski, and D. Sidransky LKB1/STK11 Suppresses Cyclooxygenase-2 Induction and Cellular Invasion through PEA3 in Lung Cancer Cancer Res., August 15, 2006; 66(16): 7870 - 7879. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. von Bergwelt-Baildon, A. Popov, T. Saric, J. Chemnitz, S. Classen, M. S. Stoffel, F. Fiore, U. Roth, M. Beyer, S. Debey, et al. CD25 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase are up-regulated by prostaglandin E2 and expressed by tumor-associated dendritic cells in vivo: additional mechanisms of T-cell inhibition Blood, July 1, 2006; 108(1): 228 - 237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Abdelrahim, C. H. Baker, J. L. Abbruzzese, and S. Safe Tolfenamic acid and pancreatic cancer growth, angiogenesis, and Sp protein degradation. J Natl Cancer Inst, June 21, 2006; 98(12): 855 - 868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. A. Narayanan, N. K. Narayanan, L. Davis, and D. Nargi RNA interference-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition prevents prostate cancer cell growth and induces differentiation: modulation of neuronal protein synaptophysin, cyclin D1, and androgen receptor Mol. Cancer Ther., May 1, 2006; 5(5): 1117 - 1125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. di Palma, G. Matarese, V. Leone, T. Di Matola, F. Acquaviva, A. M. Acquaviva, and P. Ricchi Aspirin reduces the outcome of anticancer therapy in Meth A-bearing mice through activation of AKT-glycogen synthase kinase signaling Mol. Cancer Ther., May 1, 2006; 5(5): 1318 - 1324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Ma, N. Kundu, S. Rifat, T. Walser, and A. M. Fulton Prostaglandin E Receptor EP4 Antagonism Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res., March 15, 2006; 66(6): 2923 - 2927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Chen, H. Hwang, M. E. Rose, R. G. Nines, and G. D. Stoner Chemopreventive Properties of Black Raspberries in N-Nitrosomethylbenzylamine-Induced Rat Esophageal Tumorigenesis: Down-regulation of Cyclooxygenase-2, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, and c-Jun. Cancer Res., March 1, 2006; 66(5): 2853 - 2859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. A. Heller, C. A. Clifford, M. H. Goldschmidt, D. E. Holt, F. S. Shofer, A. Smith, and K. U. Sorenmo Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression is Associated with Histologic Tumor Type in Canine Mammary Carcinoma Vet. Pathol., November 1, 2005; 42(6): 776 - 780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Battaglia, M. Salvi, and A. Toninello Oxidative Stress Is Responsible for Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Induction by Salicylate in Liver Mitochondria J. Biol. Chem., October 7, 2005; 280(40): 33864 - 33872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Zatelli, A. Luchin, D. Piccin, F. Tagliati, A. Bottoni, C. Vignali, M. Bondanelli, and E. C. degli Uberti Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors Reverse Chemoresistance Phenotype in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma by a Permeability Glycoprotein-Mediated Mechanism J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2005; 90(10): 5754 - 5760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Csiki, J. D. Morrow, A. Sandler, Y. Shyr, J. Oates, M. K. Williams, T. Dang, D. P. Carbone, and D. H. Johnson Targeting Cyclooxygenase-2 in Recurrent Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase II Trial of Celecoxib and Docetaxel Clin. Cancer Res., September 15, 2005; 11(18): 6634 - 6640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Abdelrahim and S. Safe Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors Decrease Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Colon Cancer Cells by Enhanced Degradation of Sp1 and Sp4 Proteins Mol. Pharmacol., August 1, 2005; 68(2): 317 - 329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Zhang, P. F. Coogan, J. R. Palmer, B. L. Strom, and L. Rosenberg Use of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Risk of Breast Cancer: The Case-Control Surveillance Study Revisited Am. J. Epidemiol., July 15, 2005; 162(2): 165 - 170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. R. Cook, I-M. Lee, J. M. Gaziano, D. Gordon, P. M Ridker, J. E. Manson, C. H. Hennekens, and J. E. Buring Low-Dose Aspirin in the Primary Prevention of Cancer: The Women's Health Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA, July 6, 2005; 294(1): 47 - 55. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Heller, C. A. Clifford, M. H. Goldschmidt, D. E. Holt, M. J. Manfredi, and K. U. Sorenmo Assessment of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Canine Hemangiosarcoma, Histiocytic Sarcoma, and Mast Cell Tumor Vet. Pathol., May 1, 2005; 42(3): 350 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Dong, M. Johnson, A. Rezaie, J. N.M. Ilsley, M. Nakanishi, M. M. Sanders, F. Forouhar, J. Levine, D. C. Montrose, C. Giardina, et al. Cytoplasmic Phospholipase A2 Levels Correlate with Apoptosis in Human Colon Tumorigenesis Clin. Cancer Res., March 15, 2005; 11(6): 2265 - 2271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Oyama, T. Fujimura, I. Ninomiya, T. Miyashita, S. Kinami, S. Fushida, T. Ohta, and M. Koichi A COX-2 inhibitor prevents the esophageal inflammation-metaplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence in rats Carcinogenesis, March 1, 2005; 26(3): 565 - 570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J Lagergren Adenocarcinoma of oesophagus: what exactly is the size of the problem and who is at risk? Gut, March 1, 2005; 54(suppl_1): i1 - i5. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Yao, W. Zhou, S. Sangha, A. Albert, A. J. Chang, T. C. Liu, and M. M. Wolfe Effects of Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Inhibition with Low-Dose Ibuprofen on Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, Metastasis, and Survival in a Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., February 15, 2005; 11(4): 1618 - 1628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Baek, J.-S. Kim, S. M. Moore, S.-H. Lee, J. Martinez, and T. E. Eling Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors Induce the Expression of the Tumor Suppressor Gene EGR-1, Which Results in the Up-Regulation of NAG-1, an Antitumorigenic Protein Mol. Pharmacol., February 1, 2005; 67(2): 356 - 364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. K. Jain, S. M. Moore, K. Yamaguchi, T. E. Eling, and S. J. Baek Selective Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Induce Thymosin {beta}-4 and Alter Actin Cytoskeletal Organization in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 2004; 311(3): 885 - 891. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Suzuki, Y. Ito, K. Wakai, M. Kawado, S. Hashimoto, H. Toyoshima, M. Kojima, S. Tokudome, N. Hayakawa, Y. Watanabe, et al. Serum Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study Nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2004; 13(11): 1781 - 1787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. L. Simmons, R. M. Botting, and T. Hla Cyclooxygenase Isozymes: The Biology of Prostaglandin Synthesis and Inhibition Pharmacol. Rev., September 1, 2004; 56(3): 387 - 437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Mitsuhashi, J. Liu, S. Cao, X. Shi, and X. Ma Regulation of interleukin-12 gene expression and its anti-tumor activities by prostaglandin E2 derived from mammary carcinomas J. Leukoc. Biol., August 1, 2004; 76(2): 322 - 332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Ishimura, S. F. Bronk, and G. J. Gores Inducible nitric oxide synthase upregulates cyclooxygenase-2 in mouse cholangiocytes promoting cell growth Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, July 1, 2004; 287(1): G88 - G95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Kern, M. M. Schoneweiss, D. Sahi, M. Bahlo, A. M. Haugg, H. U. Kasper, H. P. Dienes, H. Kaferstein, K. Breuhahn, and P. Schirmacher Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors suppress the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma implants in nude mice Carcinogenesis, July 1, 2004; 25(7): 1193 - 1199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Wu, J. Leng, C. Han, and A. J. Demetris The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib blocks phosphorylation of Akt and induces apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma cells Mol. Cancer Ther., March 1, 2004; 3(3): 299 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. G. Bottone Jr, J. M. Martinez, B. Alston-Mills, and T. E. Eling Gene modulation by Cox-1 and Cox-2 specific inhibitors in human colorectal carcinoma cancer cells Carcinogenesis, March 1, 2004; 25(3): 349 - 357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Han, J. Leng, A. J. Demetris, and T. Wu Cyclooxygenase-2 Promotes Human Cholangiocarcinoma Growth: Evidence for Cyclooxygenase-2-Independent Mechanism in Celecoxib-Mediated Induction of p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1 and Cell Cycle Arrest Cancer Res., February 15, 2004; 64(4): 1369 - 1376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. Kulp, Y.-T. Yang, C.-C. Hung, K.-F. Chen, J.-P. Lai, P.-H. Tseng, J. W. Fowble, P. J. Ward, and C.-S. Chen 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase-1/Akt Signaling Represents a Major Cyclooxygenase-2-Independent Target for Celecoxib in Prostate Cancer Cells Cancer Res., February 15, 2004; 64(4): 1444 - 1451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. V. Swamy, I. Cooma, J. M.R. Patlolla, B. Simi, B. S. Reddy, and C. V. Rao Modulation of cyclooxygenase-2 activities by the combined action of celecoxib and decosahexaenoic acid: Novel strategies for colon cancer prevention and treatment Mol. Cancer Ther., February 1, 2004; 3(2): 215 - 221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-H. Chang, C. H. Liu, R. Conway, D. K. Han, K. Nithipatikom, O. C. Trifan, T. F. Lane, and T. Hla From the Cover: Role of prostaglandin E2-dependent angiogenic switch in cyclooxygenase 2-induced breast cancer progression PNAS, January 13, 2004; 101(2): 591 - 596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Babbar, N. A. Ignatenko, R. A. Casero Jr., and E. W. Gerner Cyclooxygenase-independent Induction of Apoptosis by Sulindac Sulfone Is Mediated by Polyamines in Colon Cancer J. Biol. Chem., November 28, 2003; 278(48): 47762 - 47775. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M Herendeen and C. Lindley Use of NSAIDs for the Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer Ann. Pharmacother., November 1, 2003; 37(11): 1664 - 1674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. V. Swamy, C. R. Herzog, and C. V. Rao Inhibition of COX-2 in Colon Cancer Cell Lines by Celecoxib Increases the Nuclear Localization of Active p53 Cancer Res., September 1, 2003; 63(17): 5239 - 5242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Takeda, M. Sonoshita, H. Oshima, K.-i. Sugihara, P. C. Chulada, R. Langenbach, M. Oshima, and M. M. Taketo Cooperation of Cyclooxygenase 1 and Cyclooxygenase 2 in Intestinal Polyposis Cancer Res., August 15, 2003; 63(16): 4872 - 4877. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Narayanan, M. S. Condon, M. C. Bosland, N. K. Narayanan, and B. S. Reddy Suppression of N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea/Testosterone-induced Rat Prostate Cancer Growth by Celecoxib: Effects on Cyclooxygenase-2, Cell Cycle Regulation, and Apoptosis Mechanism(s) Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2003; 9(9): 3503 - 3513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. G. Bottone Jr., J. M. Martinez, J. B. Collins, C. A. Afshari, and T. E. Eling Gene Modulation by the Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor, Sulindac Sulfide, in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells: POSSIBLE LINK TO APOPTOSIS J. Biol. Chem., July 3, 2003; 278(28): 25790 - 25801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Borzacchiello, V. Ambrosio, P. Galati, A. Perillo, and F. Roperto Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 Expression in Urothelial Carcinomas of the Urinary Bladder in Cows Vet. Pathol., July 1, 2003; 40(4): 455 - 459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Dihlmann, S. Klein, and M. v. K. Doeberitz Reduction of {beta}-Catenin/T-Cell Transcription Factor Signaling by Aspirin and Indomethacin Is Caused by an Increased Stabilization of Phosphorylated {beta}-Catenin Mol. Cancer Ther., June 1, 2003; 2(6): 509 - 516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kawamori, N. Uchiya, T. Sugimura, and K. Wakabayashi Enhancement of colon carcinogenesis by prostaglandin E2 administration Carcinogenesis, May 1, 2003; 24(5): 985 - 990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Baron, B. F. Cole, R. S. Sandler, R. W. Haile, D. Ahnen, R. Bresalier, G. McKeown-Eyssen, R. W. Summers, R. Rothstein, C. A. Burke, et al. A Randomized Trial of Aspirin to Prevent Colorectal Adenomas N. Engl. J. Med., March 6, 2003; 348(10): 891 - 899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Yao, S. Kargman, E. C. Lam, C. R. Kelly, Y. Zheng, P. Luk, E. Kwong, J. F. Evans, and M. M. Wolfe Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 by Rofecoxib Attenuates the Growth and Metastatic Potential of Colorectal Carcinoma in Mice Cancer Res., February 1, 2003; 63(3): 586 - 592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sonoshita, K. Takaku, M. Oshima, K.-i. Sugihara, and M. M. Taketo Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells of Intestinal Polyps Cancer Res., December 1, 2002; 62(23): 6846 - 6849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. C. Trifan, W. F. Durham, V. S. Salazar, J. Horton, B. D. Levine, B. S. Zweifel, T. W. Davis, and J. L. Masferrer Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition with Celecoxib Enhances Antitumor Efficacy and Reduces Diarrhea Side Effect of CPT-11 Cancer Res., October 15, 2002; 62(20): 5778 - 5784. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. L. Vaughan, A. R. Kristal, P. L. Blount, D. S. Levine, P. C. Galipeau, L. J. Prevo, C. A. Sanchez, P. S. Rabinovitch, and B. J. Reid Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use, Body Mass Index, and Anthropometry in Relation to Genetic and Flow Cytometric Abnormalities in Barrett's Esophagus Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., August 1, 2002; 11(8): 745 - 752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Hida, K.-i. Kozaki, H. Ito, O. Miyaishi, Y. Tatematsu, T. Suzuki, K. Matsuo, T. Sugiura, M. Ogawa, T. Takahashi, et al. Significant Growth Inhibition of Human Lung Cancer Cells Both in Vitro and in Vivo by the Combined Use of a Selective Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitor, JTE-522, and Conventional Anticancer Agents Clin. Cancer Res., July 1, 2002; 8(7): 2443 - 2447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Baek, L. C. Wilson, C.-H. Lee, and T. E. Eling Dual Function of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase and Induction of NSAID-Activated Gene J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., June 1, 2002; 301(3): 1126 - 1131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. G. Edwards, S. P. Faux, S. M. Plummer, K. R. Abrams, R. A. Walker, D. A. Waller, and K. J. O'Byrne Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Is a Novel Prognostic Factor in Malignant Mesothelioma Clin. Cancer Res., June 1, 2002; 8(6): 1857 - 1862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|