© 1998 by Oxford University Press
Journal Of The National Cancer Institute, Vol 90, 906-910, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
E White, P Velentgas, MT Mandelson, CD Lehman, JG Elmore, P Porter, Y Yasui and SH Taplin
BACKGROUND: Mammography is less effective for women aged 40-49 years than
for older women, which has led to a call for research to improve the
performance of screening mammography for younger women. One factor that may
influence the performance of mammography is breast density. Younger women
have greater mammographic breast density on average, and increased breast
density increases the likelihood of false-negative and false-positive
mammograms. We investigated whether breast density varies according to time
in a woman's menstrual cycle. METHODS: Premenopausal women aged 40-49 years
who were not on exogenous hormones and who had a screening mammogram at a
large health maintenance organization during 1996 were studied (n = 2591).
Time in the menstrual cycle was based on the woman's self-reported last
menstrual bleeding and usual cycle length. RESULTS: A smaller proportion of
women had "extremely dense" breasts during the follicular phase of their
menstrual cycle (24% for week 1 and 23% for week 2) than during the luteal
phase (28% for both weeks 3 and 4) (two-sided P = .04 for the difference in
breast density between the phases, adjusted for body mass index). The
relationship was stronger for women whose body mass index was less than or
equal to the median (two-sided P<.01), the group who have the greatest
breast density. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS: These findings are consistent
with previous evidence suggesting that scheduling a woman's mammogram
during the follicular phase (first and second week) of her menstrual cycle
instead of during the luteal phase (third and fourth week) may improve the
accuracy of mammography for premenopausal women in their forties. Breast
tissue is less radiographically dense in the follicular phase than in the
luteal phase.
ARTICLES
Variation in mammographic breast density by time in menstrual cycle among women aged 40-49 years
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  K. Walker, O. Fletcher, N. Johnson, B. Coupland, V. A. McCormack, E. Folkerd, L. Gibson, S. G. Hillier, J. M. Holly, S. Moss, et al. Premenopausal Mammographic Density in Relation to Cyclic Variations in Endogenous Sex Hormone Levels, Prolactin, and Insulin-like Growth Factors Cancer Res., August 15, 2009; 69(16): 6490 - 6499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Hovhannisyan, L. Chow, A. Schlosser, M. J. Yaffe, N. F. Boyd, and L. J. Martin Differences in Measured Mammographic Density in the Menstrual Cycle Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2009; 18(7): 1993 - 1999. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. S.M. Buist, M. L. Anderson, S. D. Reed, E. J. Aiello Bowles, E. D. Fitzgibbons, J. C. Gandara, D. Seger, and K. M. Newton Short-Term Hormone Therapy Suspension and Mammography Recall: A Randomized Trial Ann Intern Med, June 2, 2009; 150(11): 752 - 765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Blackmore, J. A. Knight, and L. Lilge Association between Transillumination Breast Spectroscopy and Quantitative Mammographic Features of the Breast Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2008; 17(5): 1043 - 1050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. B. Kopans Basic Physics and Doubts about Relationship between Mammographically Determined Tissue Density and Breast Cancer Risk Radiology, February 1, 2008; 246(2): 348 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Kerlikowske, L. Ichikawa, D. L. Miglioretti, D. S. M. Buist, P. M. Vacek, R. Smith-Bindman, B. Yankaskas, P. A. Carney, and R. Ballard-Barbash Longitudinal Measurement of Clinical Mammographic Breast Density to Improve Estimation of Breast Cancer Risk J Natl Cancer Inst, March 7, 2007; 99(5): 386 - 395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S.M. Buist, E. J. Aiello, D. L. Miglioretti, and E. White Mammographic Breast Density, Dense Area, and Breast Area Differences by Phase in the Menstrual Cycle. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2006; 15(11): 2303 - 2306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. E. Martin, M. A. Helvie, C. Zhou, M. A. Roubidoux, J. E. Bailey, C. Paramagul, C. E. Blane, K. A. Klein, S. S. Sonnad, and H.-P. Chan Mammographic Density Measured with Quantitative Computer-aided Method: Comparison with Radiologists' Estimates and BI-RADS Categories Radiology, September 1, 2006; 240(3): 656 - 665. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. dos Santos Silva, N. Johnson, B. De Stavola, G. Torres-Mejia, O. Fletcher, D. S. Allen, N. E. Allen, T. J. Key, I. S. Fentiman, J. M.P. Holly, et al. The insulin-like growth factor system and mammographic features in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 2006; 15(3): 449 - 455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M K Simick and L Lilge Optical transillumination spectroscopy to quantify parenchymal tissue density: an indicator for breast cancer risk Br. J. Radiol., November 1, 2005; 78(935): 1009 - 1017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Dite, J. D. Wark, G. G. Giles, D. R. English, M. R.E. McCredie, and J. L. Hopper Is There Overlap Between the Genetic Determinants of Mammographic Density and Bone Mineral Density? Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2005; 14(9): 2266 - 2268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Heng, F. Gao, R. Jong, E. Fishell, M. Yaffe, L. Martin, T. Li, J. Stone, L. Sun, J. Hopper, et al. Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Associated with Mammographic Features in Singaporean Chinese Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2004; 13(11): 1751 - 1758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Frankenfeld, A. McTiernan, E. J. Aiello, W. K. Thomas, K. LaCroix, J. Schramm, S. M. Schwartz, V. L. Holt, and J. W. Lampe Mammographic Density in Relation to Daidzein-Metabolizing Phenotypes in Overweight, Postmenopausal Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2004; 13(7): 1156 - 1162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. J Fenton and J. G Elmore Balancing mammography's benefits and harms BMJ, June 12, 2004; 328(7453): E301 - E302. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Harvey and V. E. Bovbjerg Quantitative Assessment of Mammographic Breast Density: Relationship with Breast Cancer Risk Radiology, January 1, 2004; 230(1): 29 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Gapstur, P. Lopez, L. A. Colangelo, J. Wolfman, L. Van Horn, and R. E. Hendrick Associations of Breast Cancer Risk Factors with Breast Density in Hispanic Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2003; 12(10): 1074 - 1080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. W. Fletcher and J. G. Elmore Mammographic Screening for Breast Cancer N. Engl. J. Med., April 24, 2003; 348(17): 1672 - 1680. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. G. Elmore, D. L. Miglioretti, and P. A. Carney Does Practice Make Perfect When Interpreting Mammography? Part II J Natl Cancer Inst, February 19, 2003; 95(4): 250 - 252. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Carney, D. L. Miglioretti, B. C. Yankaskas, K. Kerlikowske, R. Rosenberg, C. M. Rutter, B. M. Geller, L. A. Abraham, S. H. Taplin, M. Dignan, et al. Individual and Combined Effects of Age, Breast Density, and Hormone Replacement Therapy Use on the Accuracy of Screening Mammography Ann Intern Med, February 4, 2003; 138(3): 168 - 175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Boyd, L. Martin, J. Stone, L. Little, S. Minkin, and M. Yaffe A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Menopause on Mammographic Features Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2002; 11(10): 1048 - 1053. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. J. Fabian, B. F. Kimler, D. A. Brady, M. S. Mayo, C. H. J. Chang, J. A. Ferraro, C. M. Zalles, A. L. Stanton, S. Masood, W. E. Grizzle, et al. A Phase II Breast Cancer Chemoprevention Trial of Oral {alpha}-Difluoromethylornithine: Breast Tissue, Imaging, and Serum and Urine Biomarkers Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 2002; 8(10): 3105 - 3117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. E. Barlow, C. D. Lehman, Y. Zheng, R. Ballard-Barbash, B. C. Yankaskas, G. R. Cutter, P. A. Carney, B. M. Geller, R. Rosenberg, K. Kerlikowske, et al. Performance of Diagnostic Mammography for Women With Signs or Symptoms of Breast Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, August 7, 2002; 94(15): 1151 - 1159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Chau, M. Chin, J. Chang, A. Luecha, E. Cheng, J. Schlesinger, V. Rao, D. Huang, A. E. Maxwell, R. Usatine, et al. Cancer Risk Behaviors and Screening Rates Among Homeless Adults in Los Angeles County Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2002; 11(5): 431 - 438. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Stoutjesdijk, C. Boetes, G. J. Jager, L. Beex, P. Bult, J. H. C. L. Hendriks, R. J. F. Laheij, L. Massuger, L. E. van Die, T. Wobbes, et al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Mammography in Women With a Hereditary Risk of Breast Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, July 18, 2001; 93(14): 1095 - 1102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Shah, A. Cerussi, C. Eker, J. Espinoza, J. Butler, J. Fishkin, R. Hornung, and B. Tromberg Noninvasive functional optical spectroscopy of human breast tissue PNAS, March 29, 2001; (2001) 71511098. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Ursin, Y. R. Parisky, M. C. Pike, and D. V. Spicer Mammographic Density Changes During the Menstrual Cycle Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., February 1, 2001; 10(2): 141 - 142. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Freedman, J. S. Martin, J. O'Gorman, S. Eckert, M. E. Lippman, S.-C. B. Lo, E. L. Walls, and J. Zeng Digitized Mammography: a Clinical Trial of Postmenopausal Women Randomly Assigned to Receive Raloxifene, Estrogen, or Placebo J Natl Cancer Inst, January 3, 2001; 93(1): 51 - 56. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Christiansen, F. Wang, M. B. Barton, W. Kreuter, J. G. Elmore, A. E. Gelfand, and S. W. Fletcher Predicting the Cumulative Risk of False-Positive Mammograms J Natl Cancer Inst, October 18, 2000; 92(20): 1657 - 1666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. A. Bazzano, G. Del Priore, M.-J. Lee, A. N. Glaser, J. A. Harvey, C. J. Newschaffer, K. J. Helzlsouer, C. A. Roca, P. J. Schmidt, R. C. Daly, et al. Estrogen-Progestin Replacement and Risk of Breast Cancer JAMA, August 9, 2000; 284(6): 691 - 694. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. T. Mandelson, N. Oestreicher, P. L. Porter, D. White, C. A. Finder, S. H. Taplin, and E. White Breast Density as a Predictor of Mammographic Detection: Comparison of Interval- and Screen-Detected Cancers J Natl Cancer Inst, July 5, 2000; 92(13): 1081 - 1087. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Rhoads, J. G. Elmore, S. Fletcher, J. S. Spratt, P. M. Rosoff, K. Armstrong, A. Eisen, and B. Weber Assessing the Risk of Breast Cancer N. Engl. J. Med., June 29, 2000; 342(26): 2002 - 2003. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Gertig, I. E. Stillman, C. Byrne, D. Spiegelman, S. J. Schnitt, J. L. Connolly, G. A. Colditz, and D. J. Hunter Association of Age and Reproductive Factors with Benign Breast Tissue Composition Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 1999; 8(10): 873 - 879. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. U. Yood, C. C. Johnson, A. Blount, J. Abrams, E. Wolman, B. D. McCarthy, U. Raju, D. S. Nathanson, M. Worsham, and S. R. Wolman Race and Differences in Breast Cancer Survival in a Managed Care Population J Natl Cancer Inst, September 1, 1999; 91(17): 1487 - 1491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Baines and R. Dayan A Tangled Web: Factors Likely to Affect the Efficacy of Screening Mammography J Natl Cancer Inst, May 19, 1999; 91(10): 833 - 838. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Spratt Re: Variation in Mammographic Breast Density by Time in Menstrual Cycle Among Women Aged 40-49 Years J Natl Cancer Inst, January 6, 1999; 91(1): 90 - 90. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Shah, A. Cerussi, C. Eker, J. Espinoza, J. Butler, J. Fishkin, R. Hornung, and B. Tromberg Noninvasive functional optical spectroscopy of human breast tissue PNAS, April 10, 2001; 98(8): 4420 - 4425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|