© 1997 by Oxford University Press
Journal Of The National Cancer Institute, Vol 89, 766-775, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
EL Wynder, LA Cohen, JE Muscat, B Winters, JT Dwyer and G Blackburn
It has been hypothesized that a high-fat diet promotes the development of
postmenopausal breast cancer. This contention is supported by data showing
high international correlations between fat intake and breast cancer rates,
modest positive associations with a high-fat diet in case- control studies,
and animal model studies that have consistently demonstrated that dietary
fat influences mammary cancer development at several stages in the
carcinogenic process. A number of plausible biologic mechanisms have been
suggested that may explain such promotional effects. In contrast, dietary
fat intake is unrelated to the risk of breast cancer in cohort studies. The
conflicting findings from cohort studies have created uncertainty regarding
nutritional recommendations and breast cancer prevention. After reviewing
key scientific findings that are relevant to this issue, the following
conclusion is drawn: In the absence of data from dietary intervention
trials, the weight of available evidence suggests that the type and amount
of fat in the diet is related to postmenopausal breast cancer and that the
inability to detect associations within populations (cohort studies) is
because of measurement error and the relative homogeneity of diets
measured. It is expected that the results from intervention trials will
clarify this issue.
REVIEWS
Breast cancer: weighing the evidence for a promoting role of dietary fat
American Health Foundation, New York, NY 10017, USA.
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