© 1988 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 80, No. 15, 1232-1237,
October 5, 1988
© 1988 Oxford University Press
Natural Killer Cell Activity: Age, Estrous-and Circadian-Stage Dependence and Inverse Correlation With Metastatic Potential2
3Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Hospitals Minneapolis, MN.
4Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology. (W. J. M. Hrushesky, D. Lakatua), Biomedical Engineering (W. J. M. Hrushesky), and Surgery (S. A. Gruber, A. Carlsom, F. Cerra), University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN.
5Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15261
*Correspondence to: Dr. William J. M. Hrushesky, Department of Medicine, Box 414, University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
The timing within the estrous cycle of surgical removal of a transplanted murine mammary tumor profoundly influences the frequency of pulmonary metastases. We investigated the potential role of the immune response in this phenomenon by measuring splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in syngeneic tumor-free mice of two age groups at each of two circadian times and in each of four estrous stages. Estrous stage was determined by assessment of vaginal smear ceUular-ity immediately prior to killing and spleen harvest. In a single-cell spknocyte preparation, NK cytotoxicity against a standard tumor cell target was assessed using a radiolabeled chromium release assay while IL-2 activity was determined in a bioassay utilizing the IL-2-dependent CTLL-2 cell line. Mice from the younger group were found to have eight-fold higher NK activity and 35% greater IL-2 production. After normalization of NK and IL-2 values for age, a highly statistically significant difference in NK activity was found among the four estrous and between the two circadian stages of sacrifice. NK activity was greater during the daily resting span across every estrous stage. IL-2 values were highest in diestrus and proestrus when sampled in the light span and in estrus-metestrus when sampled in the dark. The stages within the fertility cycle associated with lowest metastatic potential (proestrus/estrus) correspond precisely with those of highest splenocyte NK activity. These results indicate that an important component of the cellular immune response varies rhythmically both during the fertility and circadian cycles of the host The rhythmic changes in NK activity may be in part responsible for the similarly rhythmic frequency of postsurgical metastatic dissemination. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:1232–1237]
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  G. N. Armaiz-Pena, L. S. Mangala, W. A. Spannuth, Y. G. Lin, N. B. Jennings, A. M. Nick, R. R. Langley, R. Schmandt, S. K. Lutgendorf, S. W. Cole, et al. Estrous Cycle Modulates Ovarian Carcinoma Growth Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2009; 15(9): 2971 - 2978. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Monks, C. Smith-Steinhart, E. R. Kruk, V. A. Fadok, and P. M. Henson Epithelial Cells Remove Apoptotic Epithelial Cells During Post-Lactation Involution of the Mouse Mammary Gland Biol Reprod, April 1, 2008; 78(4): 586 - 594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Curran, B. M. Judy, N. A. Duru, H.-Q. Wang, L. A. Vergara, D. B. Lubahn, and D. M. Estes Estrogenic Regulation of Host Immunity against an Estrogen Receptor-Negative Human Breast Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 2006; 12(19): 5641 - 5647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Di Cosimo, A. Alimonti, G. Ferretti, I. Sperduti, P. Carlini, P. Papaldo, A. Fabi, A. Gelibter, M. Ciccarese, D. Giannarelli, et al. Incidence of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea depending on the timing of treatment by menstrual cycle phase in women with early breast cancer Ann. Onc., July 1, 2004; 15(7): 1065 - 1071. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Hortobagyi RESPONSE Re: The Influence of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Surgical Treatment of Primary Breast Cancer: Have We Made Any Progress Over the Past 13 Years? J Natl Cancer Inst, November 20, 2002; 94(22): 1723 - 1723. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Formenti, J. Felix, D. Salonga, K. Danenberg, M. C. Pike, and P. Danenberg Expression of Metastases-associated Genes in Cervical Cancers Resected in the Proliferative and Secretory Phases of the Menstrual Cycle Clin. Cancer Res., December 1, 2000; 6(12): 4653 - 4657. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. L. Evans, J. D. Folds, J. M. Petitto, R. N. Golden, C. A. Pedersen, M. Corrigan, J. H. Gilmore, S. G. Silva, D. Quade, and H. Ozer Circulating Natural Killer Cell Phenotypes in Men and Women With Major Depression: Relation to Cytotoxic Activity and Severity of Depression Arch Gen Psychiatry, May 1, 1992; 49(5): 388 - 395. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. T. Senie, P. P. Rosen, P. Rhodes, and M. L. Lesser Timing of Breast Cancer Excision during the Menstrual Cycle Influences Duration of Disease-free Survival Ann Intern Med, September 1, 1991; 115(5): 337 - 342. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. L. McGuire The Optimal Timing of Mastectomy: Low Tide or High Tide? Ann Intern Med, September 1, 1991; 115(5): 401 - 403. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H.-O. Adami, R. Bergstrom, L. Holmberg, L. Klareskog, I. Persson, and J. Ponten The Effect of Female Sex Hormones on Cancer Survival: A Register-Based Study in Patients Younger Than 20 Years at Diagnosis JAMA, April 25, 1990; 263(16): 2189 - 2193. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|