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Table 2 US cancer death rate trends with joinpoint analyses (up to four joinpoints allowed) for 1975–2005 for the top 15 cancers, by sex, for all races^*

       Joinpoint analyses (1975–2005)

       Trend 1
Trend 2
Trend 3
Trend 4
Trend 5

Sex/cancer site or type       Years       APC       Years       APC       Years       APC       Years       APC       Years       APC

All sites

    Both sexes       1975–1990       0.5       1990–1993       –0.3       1993–2002       –1.1       2002–2005       –1.8

    Males       1975–1979       1.0       1979–1990       0.3       1990–1993       –0.5       1993–2001       –1.5       2001–2005       –2.0

    Females       1975–1990       0.6       1990–1994       –0.2       1994–2002       –0.8       2002–2005       –1.6

Top 15 cancers for males^||

    Lung and bronchus       1975–1978       2.5       1978–1984       1.2       1984–1990       0.4       1990–1993       –1.1       1993–2005       –1.9

    Prostate       1975–1987       0.9       1987–1991       3.0       1991–1994       –0.6       1994–2005       –4.1

    Colon and rectum       1975–1978       0.8       1978–1984       –0.4       1984–1990       –1.3       1990–2002       –2.0       2002–2005       –4.3

    Pancreas       1975–1986       –0.8       1986–2003       –0.3       2003–2005       1.3

    Leukemia       1975–1995       –0.2       1995–2005       –0.8

    Non-Hodgkin lymphoma       1975–1991       2.7       1991–1997       1.6       1997–2005       –3.0

    Esophagus       1975–1985       0.7       1985–1994       1.2       1994–2005       0.4

    Urinary bladder       1975–1983       –1.4       1983–1987       –2.7       1987–1993       0.1       1993–2003       –0.7       2003–2005       1.1

    Liver and intrahepatic    bile duct       1975–1979       0.3       1979–1987       2.3       1987–1996       3.9       1996–1999       0.4       1999–2005       2.6

    Kidney and renal pelvis       1975–1992       1.1       1992–2005       –0.3

    Stomach       1975–1994       –2.1       1994–2005       –3.7

    Brain and other nervous    system       1975–1977       4.3       1977–1982       –0.3       1982–1991       1.3       1991–2005       –0.9

    Myeloma       1975–1994       1.5       1994–2005       –1.0

    Oral cavity and pharynx       1975–1980       –0.9       1980–2005       –2.2

    Melanoma of the skin       1975–1990       2.2       1990–2005       0.1

Top 15 cancers for   females^||

    Lung and bronchus       1975–1982       6.0       1982–1990       4.2       1990–1995       1.7       1995–2003       0.3 $§$        2003–2005       –0.9

    Breast       1975–1990       0.4 $§$        1990–1995       –1.8       1995–1998       –3.3       1998–2005       –1.8

    Colon and rectum       1975–1984       –1.0       1984–2002       –1.8       2002–2005       –4.3

    Pancreas       1975–1984       0.8       1984–2005       0.1

    Ovary       1975–1982       –1.2       1982–1992       0.3       1992–1998       –1.2       1998–2002       0.8       2002–2005       –1.5

    Non-Hodgkin lymphoma       1975–1995       2.2       1995–1998       –0.3       1998–2005       –3.7

    Leukemia       1975–1980       0.8       1980–2001       –0.4       2001–2005       –2.2

    Uterine corpus and    uterus NOS       1975–1991       –1.6       1991–2005       –0.1

    Brain and other nervous    system       1975–1992       0.9       1992–2005       –1.0

    Liver and intrahepatic    bile duct       1975–1978       –1.5       1978–1988       1.4       1988–1995       3.9       1995–2001       0.3       2001–2005       2.1

    Myeloma       1975–1993       1.5       1993–2001       –0.4       2001–2005       –2.5

    Stomach       1975–1987       –2.8 $§$        1987–1990       –0.4       1990–2005       –2.7

    Kidney and renal pelvis       1975–1992       1.3       1992–2005       –0.5

    Uterine cervix       1975–1982       –4.4       1982–1995       –1.6       1995–2005       –3.4

    Urinary bladder       1975–1986       –1.7       1986–2005       –0.4

^* APC = annual percent change; NOS = not otherwise specified. Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 2005 Mortality Special Research File.

Joinpoint analyses with up to four joinpoints were based on rates (per 100 000 persons) and were age standardized to the 2000 US standard population. Joinpoint Regression Program, Version 3.2.0. January 2008, National Cancer Institute.

APC is based on rates that were age standardized to the 2000 US standard population.

APC is statistically significantly different from zero (two-sided P < .05, calculated using a t test).

^|| The top 15 cancers were selected based on the sex-specific age-standardized death rates for 2001–2005 for all races combined and listed in rank order.

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