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JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2006 98(9):574-575; doi:10.1093/jnci/djj198
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© Oxford University Press 2006.

NEWS

Immune System's Toll-like Receptors Have Good Opportunity for Cancer Treatment

Charlie Schmidt

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.

In the 1890s, a New York surgeon named William Coley found that he could destroy tumors by injecting patients with live streptococcal bacteria. Coley didn't know how the bacteria produced this effect, but that didn't stop him from producing bacterial extracts for cancer treatment, which became widely known as "Coley's toxins." More than 1,000 patients were treated with the toxins, but clinical results proved inconsistent and sometimes dangerous. Coley was ridiculed as a quack.

A measure of vindication came decades later when, in 1998, Bruce Buetler, M.D., and colleagues at the Scripps Institute in La Jolla, Calif., showed that lipopolysaccaride—a bacterial toxin—activates immune system molecules called toll-like receptors (TLRs). In turn, these receptors activate inflammatory compounds that can kill cancer cells and tumors. Beutler's discovery prompted renewed interest in Coley, who is now recognized as a pioneer in cancer immunotherapy, and launched a broad exploration of . . . [Full Text of this Article]

What Are TLRs?

Inflammation: A Gray Area

Clinical Uses


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