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JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2006 98(14):948-951; doi:10.1093/jnci/djj295
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press.

EDITORIAL

Breast Cancer Heterogeneity: A Mixture of At Least Two Main Types?

William F. Anderson, Rayna Matsuno

Affiliation of authors: Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

Correspondence to: William F. Anderson, MD, MPH, Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Room 8036, 6120 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-7244 (e-mail: wanderso@mail.nih.gov).

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Breast cancers are clinically heterogeneous (1). However, breast cancer etiologic heterogeneity is not so well established. Traditionally, breast cancer has been viewed as one biologic entity with common etiology (2). Much like the adenoma-to-carcinoma sequence for colorectal cancer (3–6), breast cancers supposedly result from stochastic molecular changes over long periods. Stepwise molecular alterations are mirrored by histologic progression from normal breast epithelium to atypical hyperplasias to carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer (7,8).

Accumulating facts challenge this purely stochastic view (9). Emerging data demonstrate that the stratification of tumors by gene expression profiles (10–14) and other techniques (15–17) divides breast cancer into a mixture of at least two main types, with five subtypes, according to hormone receptor expression (negative or positive) and/or . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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