© 2005 Oxford University Press
EDITORIAL |
Cigarettes: A Smoking Gun in Cancer Chemoprevention
Affiliations of authors: Yale University School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, New Haven, CT (STM); Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SML)
Correspondence to: Scott M. Lippman, MD, Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention—Unit 1360, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 301439, Houston, TX 77230-1439 (e-mail: slippman@mdanderson.org).
| The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below. |
A growing body of literature indicates that chemopreventive agents may have very different effects in populations that differ by lifestyle or host factors. One such factor of paramount importance is smoking status, which has been shown to predict the effects of micronutrients such as 
-carotene or related compounds in smoking-related cancer prevention trials. Some nutrients that appear to reduce the risk of cancer in nonsmokers may actually increase the risk of cancer in smokers, whereas other preventive nutrients may work better in smokers than nonsmokers.
Two landmark trials, the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study and Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET), first revealed an important impact of smoking status on chemoprevention. The ATBC trial was a randomized 2 x 2 factorial prevention trial of daily 
-tocopherol and/or -carotene in more than 29 000 male smokers
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