© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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© 2004 Oxford University Press
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Dual Purpose: Some Cancer Therapies Used to Treat Autoimmune Diseases
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In July 1917, when German forces first used mustard gas (sulfur mustard) as a chemical warfare agent against British troops in Ypres, Belgium, no one would have predicted that any good would come of it. The first hint came in 1919, when E.B. and H.D. Krumbhaar reported that victims of mustard gas poisoning had low white blood cell counts and atrophy of the bone marrow and lymphatic tissues. These observations and subsequent research on the closely related nitrogen mustards ultimately led to clinical studies in the early 1940s showing that the nitrogen mustard compound mechlorethamine had beneficial effects in patients with Hodgkin disease and other lymphomas. The introduction of mechlorethamine into clinical practice launched the modern era of cancer chemotherapy.
Because of its immunosuppressive properties, nitrogen mustard was also one of the first cancer chemotherapy drugs used for treating other diseasesin particular, those that appeared to involve heightened or abnormal
Established Therapies
New Research Directions
Future Trends and Challenges
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