© 2004 by Oxford University Press
© 2004 Oxford University Press
EDITORIAL |
Reflections on the Landmark Studies of 
-Carotene Supplementation
Affiliation of authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
Correspondence to: Anna J. Duffield-Lillico, PhD, Epidemiology Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 307 E. 63rd St., Third Floor, New York, NY 10021 (e-mail: lillicoa@mskcc.org)
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
The cancer prevention community was stunned in the early 1990s, when the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Trial, a randomized, 2 x 2 factorial prevention trial of daily 50 mg 
-tocopherol and/or 20 mg 
-carotene conducted on more than 29 000 male smokers, was stopped ahead of schedule after results showed that subjects who received -carotene had a statistically significant increase in lung cancer incidence compared with subjects who received placebo (1). The ATBC study was designed to test whether -carotene could reduce the risk of lung cancer, a hypothesis that was based on substantial evidence from observational epidemiologic studies (2–4). Further impetus to terminate the ATBC study came from the observation that subjects who received -carotene had a statistically significant increase in overall mortality compared with subjects who received placebo. Shortly after the ATBC study was terminated, the Carotene and Retinol
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