© 2002 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 94, No. 11, 785-787,
June 5, 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press
EDITORIAL |
Prevention and Treatment of Lymphatic Metastasis by Antilymphangiogenic Therapy
Affiliation of authors: E. L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Correspondence to: R. K. Jain, Ph.D., E. L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 100 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114 (e-mail: jain@steele.mgh.harvard.edu).
Cancer cells escape a tumor by two primary routes—blood vessels and lymphatic vessels—to establish distant metastases. Thus, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that blocking the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) and lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) will inhibit hematogenic and lymphogenic metastases, respectively. An impressive array of preclinical studies has demonstrated prevention and suppression of hematogenic metastases by antiangiogenic and antivascular approaches. Whether antilymphangiogenic and antilymphatic approaches will yield similar results for lymphogenic metastases remains to be seen. Both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D induce angiogenesis (1,2) and lymphangiogenesis (1,3–5) in tumors and are associated with lymphogenic metastasis in a variety
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