© 1999 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 91, No. 15, 1269-1270,
August 4, 1999
© 1999 Oxford University Press
EDITORIALS |
Preventing Excess Sun Exposure: It Is Time for a National Policy
Affiliations of authors: K. M. Emmons, Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention, Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health, and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; G. A. Colditz, Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention, and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Correspondence to: Karen M. Emmons, Ph.D., Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Community-Based Research, 44 Binney St., Boston MA 02115 (e-mail: karen_emmons@dfci.harvard.edu).
It is now well established that childhood sun exposure is the
primary risk factor for melanoma. The seminal observation linking age
at exposure to risk was the finding that the incidence of melanoma
increased among people who had migrated from northern latitudes to more
equatorial latitudes but only among the immigrants who were children at
the time of the migration (1-3). Individuals more than 15
years of age who emigrated from England and Ireland to Australia had
substantially reduced risk of melanoma compared with those born in
Australia. It has been confirmed that sunburns during childhood and
adolescence are associated with an increased risk of melanoma
(4). Lifetime exposure to ultraviolet radiation, including
that incurred during adulthood, appears to play a major
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