© 1999 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 91, No. 11, 967-969,
June 2, 1999
© 1999 Oxford University Press
BRIEF COMMUNICATION |
Chemical Carcinogen-Induced Tumorigenesis in Parous, Involuted Mouse Mammary Glands
Affiliations of authors: D. Medina, Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; G. H. Smith, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
Correspondence to: Daniel Medina, Department of Cell Biology, Texas Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 (e-mail, dmedina@bcm.tmc.edu).
Breast cancer remains the major cancer among women in the United
States in terms of noncutaneous cancer incidence and the second leading
cause of cancer deaths (1). Among the many risk factors for
breast cancer, reproductive history, genetic background, and age are
the strongest and most consistent (2,3). However, the
strongest protective factor is also related to reproductive history,
i.e., early age at first pregnancy (
20 years of age),
which confers a 50% reduction in lifetime risk compared with the
lifetime risk of breast cancer in nulliparous women. The protective effect of
early first pregnancy has been demonstrated repeatedly in numerous
epidemiologic studies and provides a physiologically operative model to
achieve practical and affordable prevention of breast cancer in humans.
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