© 2003 by Oxford University Press
© 2003 Oxford University Press
REVIEW |
Hemostatic Regulators of Tumor Angiogenesis: A Source of Antiangiogenic Agents for Cancer Treatment?
Affiliations of authors: Academic Unit of Hematology (MED), Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology (MR), and Academic Unit of Pathology (CEL), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Academic Oncology Unit, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom (AM).
Correspondence to: Claire E. Lewis, PhD, Academic Unit of Pathology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Beech Hill Rd., Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom (e-mail: Claire.lewis{at}sheffield.ac.uk)
The maintenance of vascular integrity and control of blood loss are regulated by a sophisticated system of circulating and cell-associated hemostatic factors. These factors control local platelet aggregation, the conversion of soluble fibrinogen to an insoluble fibrin polymer, and the dissolution of fibrin. However, hemostatic factors are also involved in a number of physiologic processes, including development, tissue remodeling, wound repair, reproduction, inflammation, and angiogenesis. In this review, we outline ways in which angiogenesis is coordinated with and regulated by hemostasis. We focus on inhibitors of angiogenesis contained within platelets or harbored as cryptic fragments of hemostatic proteins and assess the experimental and preclinical evidence for their ability to inhibit tumor angiogenesis and, thus, their potential to be anticancer agents. Finally, we review the results of recent clinical trials involving angiogenesis inhibitors and the evidence that antiangiogenic therapy may be associated with hemostatic complications.
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