© 2002 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 94, No. 8, 606-616,
April 17, 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press
ARTICLE |
Endogenous Sex Hormones and Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women: Reanalysis of Nine Prospective Studies
Background: Reproductive and hormonal factors are involved in the etiology of breast cancer, but there are only a few prospective studies on endogenous sex hormone levels and breast cancer risk. We reanalyzed the worldwide data from prospective studies to examine the relationship between the levels of endogenous sex hormones and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Methods: We analyzed the individual data from nine prospective studies on 663 women who developed breast cancer and 1765 women who did not. None of the women was taking exogenous sex hormones when their blood was collected to determine hormone levels. The relative risks (RRs) for breast cancer associated with increasing hormone concentrations were estimated by conditional logistic regression on case–control sets matched within each study. Linear trends and heterogeneity of RRs were assessed by two-sided tests or chi-square tests, as appropriate. Results: The risk for breast cancer increased statistically significantly with increasing concentrations of all sex hormones examined: total estradiol, free estradiol, non-sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-bound estradiol (which comprises free and albumin-bound estradiol), estrone, estrone sulfate, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and testosterone. The RRs for women with increasing quintiles of estradiol concentrations, relative to the lowest quintile, were 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04 to 1.95), 1.21 (95% CI = 0.89 to 1.66), 1.80 (95% CI = 1.33 to 2.43), and 2.00 (95% CI = 1.47 to 2.71; Ptrend<.001); the RRs for women with increasing quintiles of free estradiol were 1.38 (95% CI = 0.94 to 2.03), 1.84 (95% CI = 1.24 to 2.74), 2.24 (95% CI = 1.53 to 3.27), and 2.58 (95% CI = 1.76 to 3.78; Ptrend<.001). The magnitudes of risk associated with the other estrogens and with the androgens were similar. SHBG was associated with a decrease in breast cancer risk (Ptrend = .041). The increases in risk associated with increased levels of all sex hormones remained after subjects who were diagnosed with breast cancer within 2 years of blood collection were excluded from the analysis. Conclusion: Levels of endogenous sex hormones are strongly associated with breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. F. Dorgan, F. Z. Stanczyk, B. L. Egleston, L. L. Kahle, C. M. Shaw, C. S. Spittle, A. K. Godwin, and L. A. Brinton Prospective Case-Control Study of Serum Mullerian Inhibiting Substance and Breast Cancer Risk J Natl Cancer Inst, November 4, 2009; 101(21): 1501 - 1509. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. H. Eliassen, R. G. Ziegler, B. Rosner, T. D. Veenstra, J. M. Roman, X. Xu, and S. E. Hankinson Reproducibility of Fifteen Urinary Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites over a 2- to 3-Year Period in Premenopausal Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2009; 18(11): 2860 - 2868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Secreto, E. Venturelli, E. Meneghini, M. Greco, C. Ferraris, M. Gion, M. Zancan, A. S.C. Fabricio, F. Berrino, A. Cavalleri, et al. Testosterone and Biological Characteristics of Breast Cancers in Postmenopausal Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2009; 18(11): 2942 - 2948. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. R. Bertone-Johnson, S. S. Tworoger, and S. E. Hankinson Recreational Physical Activity and Steroid Hormone Levels in Postmenopausal Women Am. J. Epidemiol., November 1, 2009; 170(9): 1095 - 1104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Gavrilova and S. T. Lindau Salivary Sex Hormone Measurement in a National, Population-Based Study of Older Adults J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, November 1, 2009; 64B(suppl_1): i94 - i105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Huber, M. Imhof, and M. Schmidt Effects of soy protein and isoflavones on circulating hormone concentrations in pre- and post-menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis Hum. Reprod. Update, October 8, 2009; (2009) dmp040v1. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. M Arendt, L. C Evans, D. E Rugowski, M. J. Garcia-Barchino, H. Rui, and L. A Schuler Ovarian hormones are not required for PRL-induced mammary tumorigenesis, but estrogen enhances neoplastic processes J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2009; 203(1): 99 - 110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. C.M. van Kruijsdijk, E. van der Wall, and F. L.J. Visseren Obesity and Cancer: The Role of Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2009; 18(10): 2569 - 2578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Fuhrman, R. Pfeiffer, X. Xu, A. H. Wu, L. Korde, M. H. Gail, L. K. Keefer, T. D. Veenstra, R. N. Hoover, and R. G. Ziegler Soy Intake is Associated with Increased 2-Hydroxylation and Decreased 16{alpha}-Hydroxylation of Estrogens in Asian-American Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2009; 18(10): 2751 - 2760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. M. Monninkhof, M. J. Velthuis, P. H.M. Peeters, J. W.R. Twisk, and A. J. Schuit Effect of Exercise on Postmenopausal Sex Hormone Levels and Role of Body Fat: A Randomized Controlled Trial J. Clin. Oncol., September 20, 2009; 27(27): 4492 - 4499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Walker, O. Fletcher, N. Johnson, B. Coupland, V. A. McCormack, E. Folkerd, L. Gibson, S. G. Hillier, J. M. Holly, S. Moss, et al. Premenopausal Mammographic Density in Relation to Cyclic Variations in Endogenous Sex Hormone Levels, Prolactin, and Insulin-like Growth Factors Cancer Res., August 15, 2009; 69(16): 6490 - 6499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Arslan, R. E. Shore, Y. Afanasyeva, K. L. Koenig, P. Toniolo, and A. Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Circulating Estrogen Metabolites and Risk for Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., August 1, 2009; 18(8): 2273 - 2279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. I. Li, R. W. Mathes, K. E. Malone, J. R. Daling, L. Bernstein, P. A. Marchbanks, B. L. Strom, M. S. Simon, M. F. Press, D. Deapen, et al. Relationship between Migraine History and Breast Cancer Risk among Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2009; 18(7): 2030 - 2034. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Hooper, J.J. Ryder, M.S. Kurzer, J.W. Lampe, M.J. Messina, W.R. Phipps, and A. Cassidy Effects of soy protein and isoflavones on circulating hormone concentrations in pre- and post-menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis Hum. Reprod. Update, July 1, 2009; 15(4): 423 - 440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Mense, B. Singh, F. Remotti, X. Liu, and H. K. Bhat Vitamin C and {alpha}-naphthoflavone prevent estrogen-induced mammary tumors and decrease oxidative stress in female ACI rats Carcinogenesis, July 1, 2009; 30(7): 1202 - 1208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Sonestedt, M. I. L. Ivarsson, S. Harlid, U. Ericson, B. Gullberg, J. Carlson, H. Olsson, H. Adlercreutz, and E. Wirfalt The Protective Association of High Plasma Enterolactone with Breast Cancer Is Reasonably Robust in Women with Polymorphisms in the Estrogen Receptor {alpha} and {beta} Genes J. Nutr., May 1, 2009; 139(5): 993 - 1001. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Korde, A. H. Wu, T. Fears, A. M.Y. Nomura, D. W. West, L. N. Kolonel, M. C. Pike, R. N. Hoover, and R. G. Ziegler Childhood Soy Intake and Breast Cancer Risk in Asian American Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2009; 18(4): 1050 - 1059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Wang, G. T. Wijewickrama, K.-w. Peng, B. M. Dietz, L. Yuan, R. B. van Breemen, J. L. Bolton, and G. R. J. Thatcher Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Enhances the Rate of Oxidative DNA Damage by Targeting an Equine Estrogen Catechol Metabolite to the Nucleus J. Biol. Chem., March 27, 2009; 284(13): 8633 - 8642. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Cummings, J. A. Tice, S. Bauer, W. S. Browner, J. Cuzick, E. Ziv, V. Vogel, J. Shepherd, C. Vachon, R. Smith-Bindman, et al. Prevention of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women: Approaches to Estimating and Reducing Risk J Natl Cancer Inst, March 18, 2009; 101(6): 384 - 398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Greenwald and B. K. Dunn Landmarks in the History of Cancer Epidemiology Cancer Res., March 15, 2009; 69(6): 2151 - 2162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. O'Connor, R. J. Ferrell, E. Brindle, J. Shofer, D. J. Holman, R. C. Miller, D. E. Schechter, B. Singer, and M. Weinstein Total and Unopposed Estrogen Exposure across Stages of the Transition to Menopause Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 2009; 18(3): 828 - 836. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. L. Eriksson, M. Lorentzon, L. Vandenput, F. Labrie, M. Lindersson, A.-C. Syvanen, E. S. Orwoll, S. R. Cummings, J. M. Zmuda, O. Ljunggren, et al. Genetic Variations in Sex Steroid-Related Genes as Predictors of Serum Estrogen Levels in Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2009; 94(3): 1033 - 1041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. M. Arendt, T. L. Grafwallner-Huseth, and L. A. Schuler Prolactin-Growth Factor Crosstalk Reduces Mammary Estrogen Responsiveness Despite Elevated ER{alpha} Expression Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2009; 174(3): 1065 - 1074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Kim, S. K. Park, W. Han, D.-H. Kim, Y.-C. Hong, E. H. Ha, S.-H. Ahn, D.-Y. Noh, D. Kang, and K.-Y. Yoo Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Breast Cancer Risk by Menopausal Status, Body Mass Index, and Hormonal Receptor in Korea Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., February 1, 2009; 18(2): 508 - 515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. H. van Gils, P. H.M. Peeters, M. C.J. Schoenmakers, R. M. Nijmeijer, N. C. Onland-Moret, Y. T. van der Schouw, and E. M. Monninkhof Physical Activity and Endogenous Sex Hormone Levels in Postmenopausal Women: a Cross-Sectional Study in the Prospect-EPIC Cohort Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., February 1, 2009; 18(2): 377 - 383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. B. Ness, J. D. Albano, A. McTiernan, and J. A. Cauley Influence of Estrogen Plus Testosterone Supplementation on Breast Cancer Arch Intern Med, January 12, 2009; 169(1): 41 - 46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. K. Neilson, C. M. Friedenreich, N. T. Brockton, and R. C. Millikan Physical Activity and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: Proposed Biologic Mechanisms and Areas for Future Research Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2009; 18(1): 11 - 27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Sieri, V. Krogh, G. Bolelli, C. A. Abagnato, S. Grioni, V. Pala, A. Evangelista, C. Allemani, A. Micheli, G. Tagliabue, et al. Sex Hormone Levels, Breast Cancer Risk, and Cancer Receptor Status in Postmenopausal Women: the ORDET Cohort Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2009; 18(1): 169 - 176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. V. Clendenen, K. L. Koenig, R. E. Shore, M. Levitz, A. A. Arslan, and A. Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Postmenopausal Levels of Endogenous Sex Hormones and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2009; 18(1): 275 - 281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Peters, A. Schatzkin, G. L. Gierach, S. C. Moore, J. V. Lacey Jr., N. J. Wareham, U. Ekelund, A. R. Hollenbeck, and M. F. Leitzmann Physical Activity and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2009; 18(1): 289 - 296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M L Irwin Physical activity interventions for cancer survivors Br. J. Sports Med., January 1, 2009; 43(1): 32 - 38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. T. Falk, X. Xu, L. Keefer, T. D. Veenstra, and R. G. Ziegler A Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Simultaneous Measurement of 15 Urinary Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites: Assay Reproducibility and Interindividual Variability Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 2008; 17(12): 3411 - 3418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Thompson, C. S. Healey, C. Baynes, B. Kalmyrzaev, S. Ahmed, M. Dowsett, E. Folkerd, R. N. Luben, D. Cox, D. Ballinger, et al. Identification of Common Variants in the SHBG Gene Affecting Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Levels and Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 2008; 17(12): 3490 - 3498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Schmidt, K. Steindorf, E. Mutschelknauss, T. Slanger, S. Kropp, N. Obi, D. Flesch-Janys, and J. Chang-Claude Physical Activity and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: Effect Modification by Breast Cancer Subtypes and Effective Periods in Life Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 2008; 17(12): 3402 - 3410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Liang, P. Chen, Z. Hu, X. Zhou, L. Chen, M. Li, Y. Wang, J. Tang, H. Wang, and H. Shen Genetic variants in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) contribute to susceptibility of breast cancer in Chinese women Carcinogenesis, December 1, 2008; 29(12): 2341 - 2346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Cline and C. E. Wood The Mammary Glands of Macaques Toxicol Pathol, December 1, 2008; 36(7_suppl): 130S - 141S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Sieri, V. Krogh, P. Ferrari, F. Berrino, V. Pala, A. C. Thiebaut, A. Tjonneland, A. Olsen, K. Overvad, M. U. Jakobsen, et al. Dietary fat and breast cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2008; 88(5): 1304 - 1312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. D. Braunstein, B. D. Johnson, F. Z. Stanczyk, V. Bittner, S. L. Berga, L. Shaw, T. K. Hodgson, M. Paul-Labrador, R. Azziz, and C. N. B. Merz Relations between Endogenous Androgens and Estrogens in Postmenopausal Women with Suspected Ischemic Heart Disease J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2008; 93(11): 4268 - 4275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Wayne, M. L. Neuhouser, C. M. Ulrich, C. Koprowski, C. Wiggins, K. B. Baumgartner, L. Bernstein, R. N. Baumgartner, F. Gilliland, A. McTiernan, et al. Association between Alcohol Intake and Serum Sex Hormones and Peptides Differs by Tamoxifen Use in Breast Cancer Survivors Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2008; 17(11): 3224 - 3232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L Shufelt and G. D Braunstein Testosterone and the breast Menopause Int, September 1, 2008; 14(3): 117 - 122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. T. Falk, E. Gentzschein, F. Z. Stanczyk, L. A. Brinton, M. Garcia-Closas, O. B. Ioffe, and M. E. Sherman Measurement of Sex Steroid Hormones in Breast Adipocytes: Methods and Implications Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., August 1, 2008; 17(8): 1891 - 1895. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Eliassen, S. A. Missmer, S. S. Tworoger, and S. E. Hankinson Circulating 2-Hydroxy- and 16{alpha}-Hydroxy Estrone Levels and Risk of Breast Cancer among Postmenopausal Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., August 1, 2008; 17(8): 2029 - 2035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Colditz and D. M. Winn Criteria for the Evaluation of Large Cohort Studies: An Application to the Nurses' Health Study J Natl Cancer Inst, July 2, 2008; 100(13): 918 - 925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Crandall, M. Guan, G. A. Laughlin, G. A. Ursin, F. Z. Stanczyk, S. A. Ingles, E. Barrett-Connor, and G. A. Greendale Increases in Serum Estrone Sulfate Level Are Associated with Increased Mammographic Density during Menopausal Hormone Therapy Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2008; 17(7): 1674 - 1681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Diergaarde, J. D. Potter, E. R. Jupe, S. Manjeshwar, C. D. Shimasaki, T. W. Pugh, D. C. DeFreese, B. A. Gramling, I. Evans, and E. White Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in Sex Hormone Metabolism, Estrogen Plus Progestin Hormone Therapy Use, and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2008; 17(7): 1751 - 1759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Grady, J. A. Cauley, M. J. Geiger, M. Kornitzer, L. Mosca, P. Collins, N. K. Wenger, J. Song, J. Mershon, E. Barrett-Connor, et al. Reduced Incidence of Invasive Breast Cancer With Raloxifene Among Women at Increased Coronary Risk J Natl Cancer Inst, June 18, 2008; 100(12): 854 - 861. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Nagata, Y. Nagao, S. Yamamoto, C. Shibuya, Y. Kashiki, and H. Shimizu Light Exposure at Night, Urinary 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin, and Serum Estrogens and Androgens in Postmenopausal Japanese Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2008; 17(6): 1418 - 1423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wang, Z. Hu, J. Liang, Z. Wang, J. Tang, S. Wang, X. Wang, J. Qin, X. Wang, and H. Shen A tandem repeat of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and risk of breast cancer development and metastasis in Chinese women Carcinogenesis, June 1, 2008; 29(6): 1197 - 1201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. Quick, P. G. Shields, J. Nie, M. E. Platek, S. E. McCann, A. D. Hutson, M. Trevisan, D. Vito, R. Modali, T. A. Lehman, et al. Effect Modification by Catalase Genotype Suggests a Role for Oxidative Stress in the Association of Hormone Replacement Therapy with Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2008; 17(5): 1082 - 1087. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hedelin, M. Lof, M. Olsson, H. Adlercreutz, S. Sandin, and E. Weiderpass Dietary Phytoestrogens Are Not Associated with Risk of Overall Breast Cancer But Diets Rich in Coumestrol Are Inversely Associated with Risk of Estrogen Receptor and Progesterone Receptor Negative Breast Tumors in Swedish Women J. Nutr., May 1, 2008; 138(5): 938 - 945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. E. Rohan, A. Negassa, R. T. Chlebowski, L. Habel, A. McTiernan, M. Ginsberg, S. Wassertheil-Smoller, and D. L. Page Conjugated Equine Estrogen and Risk of Benign Proliferative Breast Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial J Natl Cancer Inst, April 16, 2008; 100(8): 563 - 571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Emaus, S. Espetvedt, M.B. Veierod, R. Ballard-Barbash, A.-S. Furberg, P.T. Ellison, G. Jasienska, A. Hjartaker, and I. Thune 17-{beta}-Estradiol in relation to age at menarche and adult obesity in premenopausal women Hum. Reprod., April 1, 2008; 23(4): 919 - 927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. G. Hudson, G. L. Gierach, F. Modugno, J. Simpson, J. W. Wilson, R. W. Evans, V. G. Vogel, and J. L. Weissfeld Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use and Serum Total Estradiol in Postmenopausal Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 2008; 17(3): 680 - 687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Rock, S. W. Flatt, G. A. Laughlin, E. B. Gold, C. A. Thomson, L. Natarajan, L. A. Jones, B. J. Caan, M. L. Stefanick, R. A. Hajek, et al. Reproductive Steroid Hormones and Recurrence-Free Survival in Women with a History of Breast Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 2008; 17(3): 614 - 620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Trinkaus, S. Chin, W. Wolfman, C. Simmons, and M. Clemons Should Urogenital Atrophy in Breast Cancer Survivors Be Treated with Topical Estrogens? Oncologist, March 1, 2008; 13(3): 222 - 231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Suzuki, K. Matsuo, K. Hirose, A. Hiraki, T. Kawase, M. Watanabe, T. Yamashita, H. Iwata, and K. Tajima One-carbon metabolism-related gene polymorphisms and risk of breast cancer Carcinogenesis, February 1, 2008; 29(2): 356 - 362. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. P. Rose, S. M. Haffner, and J. Baillargeon Adiposity, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Breast Cancer in African-American and White American Women Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2007; 28(7): 763 - 777. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. T. Chlebowski, G. L. Anderson, D. S. Lane, A. K. Aragaki, T. Rohan, S. Yasmeen, G. Sarto, C. A. Rosenberg, F. A. Hubbell, and For the Women's Health Initiative Investigators Predicting Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women by Hormone Receptor Status J Natl Cancer Inst, November 21, 2007; 99(22): 1695 - 1705. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. A. Ariazi, A. Leitao, T. I. Oprea, B. Chen, T. Louis, A. M. Bertucci, C. G.N. Sharma, S. D. Gill, H. R. Kim, H. A. Shupp, et al. Exemestane's 17-hydroxylated metabolite exerts biological effects as an androgen Mol. Cancer Ther., November 1, 2007; 6(11): 2817 - 2827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. H. Schmitz, H. Lin, M. D. Sammel, C. R. Gracia, D. B. Nelson, S. Kapoor, T. L. DeBlasis, and E. W. Freeman Association of Physical Activity with Reproductive Hormones: The Penn Ovarian Aging Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2007; 16(10): 2042 - 2047. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Xue and K. B Michels Diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and breast cancer: a review of the current evidence Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2007; 86(3): 823S - 835S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Wedren, C. Magnusson, K. Humphreys, H. Melhus, A. Kindmark, F. Stiger, M. Branting, I. Persson, J. Baron, and E. Weiderpass Associations between Androgen and Vitamin D Receptor Microsatellites and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2007; 16(9): 1775 - 1783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Baer, G. A. Colditz, W. C. Willett, and J. F. Dorgan Adiposity and Sex Hormones in Girls Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2007; 16(9): 1880 - 1888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Tamimi, C. Byrne, G. A. Colditz, and S. E. Hankinson Endogenous Hormone Levels, Mammographic Density, and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women J Natl Cancer Inst, August 1, 2007; 99(15): 1178 - 1187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Micheli, E. Meneghini, G. Secreto, F. Berrino, E. Venturelli, A. Cavalleri, T. Camerini, M. G. Di Mauro, E. Cavadini, G. De Palo, et al. Plasma Testosterone and Prognosis of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients J. Clin. Oncol., July 1, 2007; 25(19): 2685 - 2690. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. R. Taylor, C. D. Williams, K. H. Makambi, C. Mouton, J. P. Harrell, Y. Cozier, J. R. Palmer, L. Rosenberg, and L. L. Adams-Campbell Racial Discrimination and Breast Cancer Incidence in US Black Women: The Black Women's Health Study Am. J. Epidemiol., July 1, 2007; 166(1): 46 - 54. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Wu, M. C. Yu, C.-C. Tseng, F. Z. Stanczyk, and M. C. Pike Diabetes and risk of breast cancer in Asian-American women Carcinogenesis, July 1, 2007; 28(7): 1561 - 1566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. L. Yaspan, J. P. Breyer, Q. Cai, Q. Dai, J. B. Elmore, I. Amundson, K. M. Bradley, X.-O. Shu, Y.-T. Gao, W. D. Dupont, et al. Haplotype Analysis of CYP11A1 Identifies Promoter Variants Associated with Breast Cancer Risk Cancer Res., June 15, 2007; 67(12): 5673 - 5682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. J Santen, N. F Boyd, R. T Chlebowski, S. Cummings, J. Cuzick, M. Dowsett, D. Easton, J. F Forbes, T. Key, S. E Hankinson, et al. Critical assessment of new risk factors for breast cancer: considerations for development of an improved risk prediction model Endocr. Relat. Cancer, June 1, 2007; 14(2): 169 - 187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Jones, E. J. Folkerd, D. A. Doody, J. Iqbal, M. Dowsett, A. Ashworth, and A. J. Swerdlow Effect of Delays in Processing Blood Samples on Measured Endogenous Plasma Sex Hormone Levels in Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2007; 16(6): 1136 - 1139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-F. Chan, M. Dowsett, E. Folkerd, S. Bingham, N. Wareham, R. Luben, A. Welch, and K.-T. Khaw Usual Physical Activity and Endogenous Sex Hormones in Postmenopausal Women: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk Population Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2007; 16(5): 900 - 905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Vachon, V. S. Pankratz, C. G. Scott, S. D. Maloney, K. Ghosh, K. R. Brandt, T. Milanese, M. J. Carston, and T. A. Sellers Longitudinal Trends in Mammographic Percent Density and Breast Cancer Risk Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2007; 16(5): 921 - 928. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Tworoger, A. H. Eliassen, P. Sluss, and S. E. Hankinson A Prospective Study of Plasma Prolactin Concentrations and Risk of Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., April 20, 2007; 25(12): 1482 - 1488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Campbell, K. C. Westerlind, V. J. Harber, G. J. Bell, J. R. Mackey, and K. S. Courneya Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Estrogen Metabolism in Premenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2007; 16(4): 731 - 739. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. E. Cade, V. J. Burley, D. C. Greenwood, and the UK Women's Cohort Study Steering Group Dietary fibre and risk of breast cancer in the UK Women's Cohort Study Int. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2007; 36(2): 431 - 438. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. M. Thiebaut, V. Kipnis, S.-C. Chang, A. F. Subar, F. E. Thompson, P. S. Rosenberg, A. R. Hollenbeck, M. Leitzmann, and A. Schatzkin Dietary Fat and Postmenopausal Invasive Breast Cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort J Natl Cancer Inst, March 21, 2007; 99(6): 451 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Zhang, I-M. Lee, J. E. Manson, N. R. Cook, W. C. Willett, and J. E. Buring Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Study Am. J. Epidemiol., March 15, 2007; 165(6): 667 - 676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. M. Sinilnikova, J. D. McKay, S. V. Tavtigian, F. Canzian, D. DeSilva, C. Biessy, S. Monnier, L. Dossus, C. Boillot, L. Gioia, et al. Haplotype-Based Analysis of Common Variation in the Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase {alpha} Gene and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study Nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 2007; 16(3): 409 - 415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Haiman, L. Dossus, V. W. Setiawan, D. O. Stram, A. M. Dunning, G. Thomas, M. J. Thun, D. Albanes, D. Altshuler, E. Ardanaz, et al. Genetic Variation at the CYP19A1 Locus Predicts Circulating Estrogen Levels but not Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women Cancer Res., March 1, 2007; 67(5): 1893 - 1897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Verheus, C. H. van Gils, L. Keinan-Boker, P. B. Grace, S. A. Bingham, and P. H.M. Peeters Plasma Phytoestrogens and Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk J. Clin. Oncol., February 20, 2007; 25(6): 648 - 655. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. L. Sprague, A. Trentham-Dietz, P. A. Newcomb, L. Titus-Ernstoff, J. M. Hampton, and K. M. Egan Lifetime Recreational and Occupational Physical Activity and Risk of In situ and Invasive Breast Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., February 1, 2007; 16(2): 236 - 243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hietala, T. Sandberg, A. Borg, H. Olsson, and H. Jernstrom Testosterone levels in relation to oral contraceptive use and the androgen receptor CAG and GGC length polymorphisms in healthy young women Hum. Reprod., January 1, 2007; 22(1): 83 - 91. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Campbell and A. McTiernan Exercise and Biomarkers for Cancer Prevention Studies J. Nutr., January 1, 2007; 137(1): 161S - 169S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Schatzkin Can Biomarkers Help Us Understand the Nutritional and Lifestyle Factors Important in Cancer Prognosis? J. Nutr., January 1, 2007; 137(1): 249S - 252S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|