© 2002 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 94, No. 20, 1555-1563,
October 16, 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press
ARTICLE |
Tumors of the Nervous System and Pituitary Gland Associated With Atomic Bomb Radiation Exposure
Affiliations of authors: D. L. Preston, Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan; E. Ron, K. Mabuchi, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; S. Yonehara, Second Department of Pathology, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima; T. Kobuke, Division of Clinical Research Laboratories, Koseiren Onomichi Hospital, Onomichi, Japan; H. Fujii, Division of Clinical Laboratories, Nagasaki Chuo National Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan; M. Kishikawa, Scientific Data Center for the Atomic Bomb Disaster, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki; M. Tokunaga, S. Tokuoka, Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima.
Correspondence to: Dale L. Preston, Ph.D., Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5–2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815 Japan (e-mail: preston{at}rerf.or.jp).
Background: The risk of developing nervous system tumors following exposure to ionizing radiation is not well quantified. We characterized the incidence of nervous system tumors among atomic bomb survivors as a function of radiation dose. Methods: Tumors of the nervous system and pituitary gland diagnosed between 1958 and 1995 among 80 160 atomic bomb survivors were ascertained using the Hiroshima and Nagasaki tumor registries, medical records, and death certificates. Pathologists reviewed slides and medical records to provide histologic diagnoses. Poisson regression analyses were used to characterize radiation effects on tumor incidence, which are expressed as excess relative risk per sievert (ERRSv). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: A statistically significant dose-related excess of nervous system tumors was observed in the cohort (ERRSv = 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.6 to 2.1). The highest ERRSv was seen for schwannoma (4.5, 95% CI = 1.9 to 9.2). The risk for all other nervous system tumors as a group is also statistically significantly elevated (ERRSv = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.1 to 1.3). Risk increases, although not statistically significant, were seen for meningiomas (ERRSv = 0.6, 95% CI = –0.01 to 1.8), gliomas (ERRSv = 0.6, 95% CI = -0.2 to 2.0), other nervous system tumors (ERRSv = 0.5, 95% CI = <-0.2 to 2.2), and pituitary tumors (ERRSv = 1.0, 95% CI = <-0.2 to 3.5). The dose–response relationships were linear. For nervous system tumors other than schwannoma, excess risks were higher for men than for women and for those exposed during childhood than for those exposed during adulthood. Conclusions: A statistically significant dose response was observed for all nervous system tumors combined and for schwannoma considered separately, indicating that exposure to even moderate doses (i.e., <1 Sv) of radiation is associated with an elevated incidence of nervous system tumors.
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