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JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2002 94(2):129-142; doi:10.1093/jnci/94.2.129
© 2002 by Oxford University Press
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Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 94, No. 2, 129-142, January 16, 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press

ARTICLE

Overexpression of pRB in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells: Function in Chemotherapy-Induced Apoptosis

Thomas Plath, Michael Peters, Katharina Detjen, Martina Welzel, Zofia von Marschall, Cornelia Radke, Bertram Wiedenmann, Stefan Rosewicz

Affiliation of authors: T. Plath, M. Peters, K. Detjen, M. Welzel, Z. von Marschall, B. Wiedenmann, S. Rosewicz (Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology), C. Radke (Department of Pathology), Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany.

Correspondence to: Stefan Rosewicz, M.D., Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt-University, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany (e-mail: stefan.rosewicz{at}charite.de).

Background: Human pancreatic adenocarcinomas are highly resistant to chemotherapy. The p16 tumor-suppressor protein is inactivated in more than 90% of human pancreatic cancers. The p16 protein transcriptionally inhibits expression of retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene pRB. The pRB protein transcriptionally inhibits expression of the p16 gene. Because pRB normally prevents apoptosis, we investigated whether pRB is involved in resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Methods: pRB expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 106 human pancreatic tissue specimens. The human pancreatic tumor cell line Capan-1 (pRB+/p16–) was stably transfected with p16 to functionally inactivate pRB. pRB gene expression was examined by western and northern blot analyses, and pRB function was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and promoter transactivation studies for the transcription factor E2F. Changes in cell sensitivity to chemotherapy were measured by assays for cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Results: pRB was overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas but was hardly detectable in other pancreatic malignancies, chronic pancreatitis, or nontransformed human pancreatic tissue. Expression of p16 in Capan-1 cells resulted in the loss of pRB gene and protein expression concomitant with increased activity of the transcription factor E2F, which was not detected in wild-type or control-transfected Capan-1 cells. Wild-type and control-transfected Capan-1 cells were resistant to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, but pRB-depleted (i.e., p16-transfected) Capan-1 cells were highly sensitive. The effect was specific to pRB depletion because two other human pancreatic cancer cell lines that retained high pRB expression after p16 transfection were resistant to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Conclusions: Overexpression of pRB is associated with human pancreatic duct-cell cancer and may allow pancreatic cancer cells to evade chemotherapy-induced apoptosis.


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