© 2001 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 93, No. 23, 1783-1790,
December 5, 2001
© 2001 Oxford University Press
ARTICLE |
Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cell Survival
Affiliations of authors: M. Ozen, D. Giri, F. Ropiquet, M. Ittmann, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, and Houston Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center; A. Mansukhani, Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, NY.
Correspondence to: Michael Ittmann, M.D., Ph.D., Research Service, Houston Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030 (e-mail: mittmann{at}bcm.tmc.edu).
Background: Expression of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) is increased in a substantial fraction of human prostate cancers in vivo and in prostate cancer cell lines. Altered FGF signaling can potentially have a variety of effects, including stimulating cell proliferation and inhibiting cell death. To determine the biologic significance of altered FGF signaling in human prostate cancer, we disrupted signaling by expression of a dominant-negative (DN) FGF receptor in prostate cancer cell lines. Methods: PC-3, LNCaP, and DU145 prostate cancer cells were stably transfected with DN FGFR constructs, and LNCaP and DU145 cells were infected with a recombinant adenovirus expressing DN FGFR-1. The effect of DN FGFR-1 expression was assessed by colony-formation assays, cell proliferation assays, flow cytometry, and cytogenetic analysis. Key regulators involved in the G2-to-M cell cycle transition were assessed by western blotting to examine cyclin B1 expression and by in vitro kinase assay to assess cdc2 kinase activity. Results: Stable transfection of the DN FGFR-1 construct inhibited colony formation by more than 99% in all three cell lines. Infection of LNCaP and DU145 prostate cancer cells with adenovirus expressing DN FGFR-1 led to extensive cell death within 48 hours. Flow cytometry and cytogenetic analysis revealed that the DN FGFR-1 receptor led to arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle before cell death. Cyclin B1 accumulated in DN FGFR-1-infected LNCaP cells, but cdc2 kinase activity was decreased. Conclusions: These findings reveal an unexpected dependence of prostate cancer cells on FGF receptor signal transduction to traverse the G2/M checkpoint. The mechanism for the G2 arrest is not clear. Our results raise the possibility that FGF-signaling antagonists might enhance the cell death induced by other prostate cancer therapies.
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