© 2001 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 93, No. 10, 768-775,
May 16, 2001
© 2001 Oxford University Press
REPORT |
1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene and Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Breast Cancer: Combined Analysis of Five U.S. Studies
Affiliations of authors: F. Laden, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; G. Collman, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC; K. Iwamoto, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; A. J. Alberg, K. J. Helzlsouer, H.-Y. Huang, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; G. S. Berkowitz, M. S. Wolff, Division of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY; J. L. Freudenheim, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; S. E. Hankinson, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; T. R. Holford, T. Zheng, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; K. B. Moysich, Cancer Control and Epidemiology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; J. D. Tessari, Department of Environmental Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; D. J. Hunter, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Epidemiology and the Center for Cancer Prevention, Harvard School of Public Health.
Correspondence to: Francine Laden, Sc.D., Channing Laboratory, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: francine.laden{at}channing.harvard.edu).
Background: Environmental exposure to organochlorines has been examined as a potential risk factor for breast cancer. In 1993, five large U.S. studies of women located mainly in the northeastern United States were funded to evaluate the association of levels of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blood plasma or serum with breast cancer risk. We present a combined analysis of these results to increase precision and to maximize statistical power to detect effect modification by other breast cancer risk factors. Methods: We reanalyzed the data from these five studies, consisting of 1400 case patients with breast cancer and 1642 control subjects, by use of a standardized approach to control for confounding and assess effect modification. We calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by use of the random-effects model. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: When we compared women in the fifth quintile of lipid-adjusted values with those in the first quintile, the multivariate pooled OR for breast cancer associated with PCBs was 0.94 (95% CI = 0.73 to 1.21), and that associated with DDE was 0.99 (95% CI = 0.77 to 1.27). Although in the original studies there were suggestions of elevated breast cancer risk associated with PCBs in certain groups of women stratified by parity and lactation, these observations were not evident in the pooled analysis. No statistically significant associations were observed in any other stratified analyses, except for an increased risk with higher levels of PCBs among women in the middle tertile of body mass index (25–29.9 kg/m2); however, the risk was statistically nonsignificantly decreased among heavier women. Conclusions: Combined evidence does not support an association of breast cancer risk with plasma/serum concentrations of PCBs or DDE. Exposure to these compounds, as measured in adult women, is unlikely to explain the high rates of breast cancer experienced in the northeastern United States.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D. Caserta, L. Maranghi, A. Mantovani, R. Marci, F. Maranghi, and M. Moscarini Impact of endocrine disruptor chemicals in gynaecology Hum. Reprod. Update, January 1, 2008; 14(1): 59 - 72. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. E. Fenton Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds and Mammary Gland Development: Early Exposure and Later Life Consequences Endocrinology, June 1, 2006; 147(6): s18 - s24. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. G. Shields Understanding population and individual risk assessment: the case of polychlorinated biphenyls. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2006; 15(5): 830 - 839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Shanahan and S. M. Hofer Social Context in Gene-Environment Interactions: Retrospect and Prospect J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., March 1, 2005; 60(suppl_Special_Issue_1): 65 - 76. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Raaschou-Nielsen, M. Pavuk, A. LeBlanc, P. Dumas, J. Philippe Weber, A. Olsen, A. Tjonneland, K. Overvad, and J. H. Olsen Adipose Organochlorine Concentrations and Risk of Breast Cancer Among Postmenopausal Danish Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 67 - 74. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Zhang, J. P. Wise, T. R. Holford, H. Xie, P. Boyle, S. H. Zahm, J. Rusiecki, K. Zou, B. Zhang, Y. Zhu, et al. Serum Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Cytochrome P-450 1A1 Polymorphisms, and Risk of Breast Cancer in Connecticut Women Am. J. Epidemiol., December 15, 2004; 160(12): 1177 - 1183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Tsuda, A. Naito, C. K. Kim, K. Fukamachi, H. Nomoto, and M. A. Moore Carcinogenesis and Its Modification by Environmental Endocrine Disruptors: In Vivo Experimental and Epidemiological Findings Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., June 1, 2003; 33(6): 259 - 270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Laden, N. Ishibe, S. E. Hankinson, M. S. Wolff, D. M. Gertig, D. J. Hunter, and K. T. Kelsey Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Cytochrome P450 1A1, and Breast Cancer Risk in the Nurses' Health Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 2002; 11(12): 1560 - 1565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. L. DAVIS and P. S. WEBSTER The Social Context of Science: Cancer and the Environment The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, November 1, 2002; 584(1): 13 - 34. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Pirozzo, D. Purdie, M. Kuiper-Linley, P. Webb, P. Harvey, A. Green, and C. Bain Ovarian Cancer, Cholesterol, and Eggs: A Case-Control Analysis Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2002; 11(10): 1112 - 1114. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. W. Glustrom, R. M. Mitton-Fry, and D. S. Wuttke Re: 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis- (p-chlorophenyl)ethylene and Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Breast Cancer: Combined Analysis of Five U.S. Studies J Natl Cancer Inst, September 4, 2002; 94(17): 1337 - 1338. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. E. Calle, H. Frumkin, S. J. Henley, D. A. Savitz, and M. J. Thun Organochlorines and Breast Cancer Risk CA Cancer J Clin, September 1, 2002; 52(5): 301 - 309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Gammon, M. S. Wolff, A. I. Neugut, S. M. Eng, S. L. Teitelbaum, J. A. Britton, M. B. Terry, B. Levin, S. D. Stellman, G. C. Kabat, et al. Environmental Toxins and Breast Cancer on Long Island. II. Organochlorine Compound Levels in Blood Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., August 1, 2002; 11(8): 686 - 697. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Demers, P. Ayotte, J. Brisson, S. Dodin, J. Robert, and E. Dewailly Plasma Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Congener-specific Analysis Am. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2002; 155(7): 629 - 635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|