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JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2000 92(17):1414-1421; doi:10.1093/jnci/92.17.1414
© 2000 by Oxford University Press
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Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 92, No. 17, 1414-1421, September 6, 2000
© 2000 Oxford University Press

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Characterization of a Zinc-Finger Protein and Its Association With Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells

Glenn T. G. Chang, Martine Steenbeek, Esther Schippers, Leen J. Blok, Wytske M. van Weerden, Dirk C. J. G. van Alewijk, Bert H. J. Eussen, Gert J. van Steenbrugge, Albert O. Brinkmann

Affiliations of authors: G. T. G. Chang, M. Steenbeek, E. Schippers, L. J. Blok, A. O. Brinkmann (Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction), W. M. van Weerden, G. J. van Steenbrugge (Department of Experimental Urology, Josephine Nefkens Institute), D. C. J. G. van Alewijk (Department of Experimental Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute), B. H. J. Eussen (Department of Clinical Genetics), Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Correspondence to: Glenn T. G. Chang, Ph.D., Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands (e-mail: chang{at}endov.fgg.eur.nl).

Background: The transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent prostate cancer is not fully understood but appears to involve multiple genetic changes. We have identified a gene, GC79, that is more highly expressed in androgen-dependent LNCaP-FGC human prostate cancer cells than in androgen-independent LNCaP-LNO human prostate cancer cells. Physiologic levels (0.1 nM) of androgens repress expression of GC79 messenger RNA (mRNA) in LNCaP-FGC cells. To determine the role of GC79, we cloned its complementary DNA (cDNA) and functionally characterized its product. Methods: The differentially expressed GC79 gene was cloned from human prostate cDNA libraries, sequenced, and transfected into mammalian cells to study its function. Expression of GC79 was analyzed in various adult and fetal human tissues and in prostate glands of castrated rats. The association of GC79 expression and apoptosis was investigated in COS-1 and LNCaP cells transfected with GC79 cDNA. All statistical tests are two-sided. Results: Sequence analysis indicates that GC79 encodes a large, complex, multitype zinc-finger protein, containing nine C2H2-type zinc-finger domains, a cysteine-rich region, and a GATA C4-type zinc-finger domain. Castration-induced androgen withdrawal increased the expression of GC79 mRNA in the regressing rat ventral prostate, suggesting that the expression of GC79 mRNA is associated with the process of apoptotic cell death in the rat ventral prostate. Transfection and induction of GC79 cDNA in both COS-1 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells led to an apoptotic index that was eightfold higher (P<.001, two-sided Student's t test) than that observed in uninduced transfected cells. Conclusions: We have cloned an androgen-repressible gene, GC79, that is potentially involved in apoptosis. This finding may have implications for the development of androgen-independent prostate cancer and, ultimately, for the treatment of prostate cancer.


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