© 2000 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 92, No. 17, 1388-1402,
September 6, 2000
© 2000 Oxford University Press
REVIEW |
Role of Transforming Growth Factor-ß Signaling in Cancer
Affiliation of authors: Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
Correspondence to: Anita B. Roberts, Ph.D., National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 41, Rm. C629, 41 Library Drive, MSC 5055, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055 (e-mail: (Robertsa{at}dce41.nci.nih.gov).
Signaling from transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) through its unique transmembrane receptor serinethreonine kinases plays a complex role in carcinogenesis, having both tumor suppressor and oncogenic activities. Tumor cells often escape from the antiproliferative effects of TGF-ß by mutational inactivation or dysregulated expression of components in its signaling pathway. Decreased receptor function and altered ratios of the TGF-ß type I and type II receptors found in many tumor cells compromise the tumor suppressor activities of TGF-ß and enable its oncogenic functions. Recent identification of a family of intracellular mediators, the Smads, has provided new paradigms for understanding mechanisms of subversion of TGF-ß signaling by tumor cells. In addition, several proteins recently have been identified that can modulate the Smad-signaling pathway and may also be targets for mutation in cancer. Other pathways such as various mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades also contribute substantially to TGF-ß signaling. Understanding the interplay between these signaling cascades as well as the complex patterns of cross-talk with other signaling pathways is an important area of investigation that will ultimately contribute to understanding of the bifunctional tumor suppressor/oncogene role of TGF-ß in carcinogenesis.
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