© 1999 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 91, No. 7, 629-634,
April 7, 1999
© 1999 Oxford University Press
REPORTS |
Plasma Prolactin Levels and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women
Affiliations of authors: S. E. Hankinson, G. A. Colditz,Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; W. C. Willett, D. S. Michaud, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health; J. E. Manson, Channing Laboratory, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; C. Longcope, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; B. Rosner, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health; F. E. Speizer, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health.
Correspondence to: Susan E. Hankinson, Sc.D., Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115.
BACKGROUND: In animal studies, prolactin has been found to be important for mammary epithelial development and its administration has been shown consistently to increase the rate of mammary tumor formation. Previous epidemiologic studies of prolactin and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women have been limited in size, and the results have been inconsistent. We conducted a nested case-control study within the prospective Nurses' Health Study cohort to better determine the relationship between plasma prolactin levels and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from cohort members during the period from 1989 through 1990. Prolactin levels were measured by use of a microparticle enzyme immunoassay. Included in this analysis were 306 postmenopausal women who were diagnosed with breast cancer after blood donation but before June 1994. One or two postmenopausal control subjects were matched per case subject on the basis of age, postmenopausal hormone use, and time of day and month of blood collection; the study included a total of 448 control subjects. RESULTS: In conditional logistic regression analyses, a significant positive association was observed between plasma level of prolactin and postmenopausal breast cancer risk (highest versus lowest quartile, multivariate relative risk = 2.03; 95% confidence interval = 1.24-3.31; two-sided P for trend = .01). The relationship was independent of plasma sex steroid hormone levels and was similar after excluding case subjects diagnosed in the first 2 years after blood collection. CONCLUSIONS: These prospective data suggest that higher plasma prolactin levels are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
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