© 1999 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 91, No. 23, 2038-2044,
December 1, 1999
© 1999 Oxford University Press
REPORTS |
Heterocyclic Amine Content of Cooked Meat and Risk of Prostate Cancer
Affiliations of authors: A. E. Norrish, R. T. Jackson (Department of Community Health), L. R. Ferguson (Auckland Cancer Society Research Center), S. J. Sharpe (Department of Medicine), University of Auckland, New Zealand; M. G. Knize, J. S. Felton, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA.
Correspondence to: Alan E. Norrish, Ph.D., Department of Community Health, University of Auckland, P.O. Box 92-019, Auckland, New Zealand (e-mail: a.norrish{at}auckland.ac.nz).
BACKGROUND: Some epidemiologic studies have described positive associations between prostate cancer risk and meat consumption, but underlying mechanisms have not been identified. Heterocyclic amines are mutagens formed during the cooking of meat. Well-done meat has been associated with increased risks of colorectal and breast cancers in humans. This study examined associations between prostate cancer risk and 1) estimated daily intake of heterocyclic amines from cooked meat and 2) level of cooked-meat doneness. METHODS: A population-based, case-control study involving 317 case patients with prostate cancer and 480 age-matched control subjects was carried out in Auckland, New Zealand. Levels of meat doneness and daily intake of heterocyclic amines were determined from self-reported dietary data and experimentally measured heterocyclic amine levels in locally sourced meat samples cooked under controlled conditions to varying degrees of doneness. RESULTS: The heterocyclic amines found in the highest concentrations in meat samples were 2-amino-1,6-dimethylfuro[3,2-e]imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (IFP) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) from well-done chicken and pork and very well-done beefsteak. Meat doneness was weakly and inconsistently associated with prostate cancer risk for individual types of meat, but increased risk was observed for well-done beefsteak (relative risk = 1.68; 95% confidence interval = 1.02-2.77; two-sided P for trend = .03). A weak positive gradient of increased risk was associated with estimated daily exposure to IFP but not with the other major heterocyclic amines. CONCLUSIONS: Meat doneness and estimated intake of heterocyclic amines from cooked meat were not clearly associated with prostate cancer risk.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. Sinha, Y. Park, B. I. Graubard, M. F. Leitzmann, A. Hollenbeck, A. Schatzkin, and A. J. Cross Meat and Meat-related Compounds and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Large Prospective Cohort Study in the United States Am. J. Epidemiol., November 1, 2009; 170(9): 1165 - 1177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Koutros, S. I. Berndt, R. Sinha, X. Ma, N. Chatterjee, M. C.R. Alavanja, T. Zheng, W.-Y. Huang, R. B. Hayes, and A. J. Cross Xenobiotic Metabolizing Gene Variants, Dietary Heterocyclic Amine Intake, and Risk of Prostate Cancer Cancer Res., March 1, 2009; 69(5): 1877 - 1884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. IGUCHI, S. SUGITA, C. Y. WANG, N. B. NEWMAN, T. NAKATANI, and G. P. HAAS MnSOD Genotype and Prostate Cancer Risk as a Function of NAT Genotype and Smoking Status In Vivo, January 1, 2009; 23(1): 7 - 12. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. E. Bekkering, R. J. Harris, S. Thomas, A.-M. B. Mayer, R. Beynon, A. R. Ness, R. M. Harbord, C. Bain, G. D. Smith, and J. A. C. Sterne How Much of the Data Published in Observational Studies of the Association between Diet and Prostate or Bladder Cancer Is Usable for Meta-Analysis? Am. J. Epidemiol., May 1, 2008; 167(9): 1017 - 1026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Koutros, A. J. Cross, D. P. Sandler, J. A. Hoppin, X. Ma, T. Zheng, M. C.R. Alavanja, and R. Sinha Meat and Meat Mutagens and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Agricultural Health Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2008; 17(1): 80 - 87. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Tang, J. J. Liu, A. Rundle, C. Neslund-Dudas, A. T. Savera, C. H. Bock, N. L. Nock, J. J. Yang, and B. A. Rybicki Grilled Meat Consumption and PhIP-DNA Adducts in Prostate Carcinogenesis Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2007; 16(4): 803 - 808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Nakai, W. G. Nelson, and A. M. De Marzo The Dietary Charred Meat Carcinogen 2-Amino-1-Methyl-6-Phenylimidazo[4,5-b]Pyridine Acts as Both a Tumor Initiator and Promoter in the Rat Ventral Prostate Cancer Res., February 1, 2007; 67(3): 1378 - 1384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Cross, U. Peters, V. A. Kirsh, G. L. Andriole, D. Reding, R. B. Hayes, and R. Sinha A Prospective Study of Meat and Meat Mutagens and Prostate Cancer Risk Cancer Res., December 15, 2005; 65(24): 11779 - 11784. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Chan, P. H. Gann, and E. L. Giovannucci Role of Diet in Prostate Cancer Development and Progression J. Clin. Oncol., November 10, 2005; 23(32): 8152 - 8160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Nowell, D. L. Ratnasinghe, C. B. Ambrosone, S. Williams, T. Teague-Ross, L. Trimble, G. Runnels, A. Carrol, B. Green, A. Stone, et al. Association of SULT1A1 Phenotype and Genotype with Prostate Cancer Risk in African-Americans and Caucasians Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., February 1, 2004; 13(2): 270 - 276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Cantwell, B. Mittl, J. Curtin, R. Carroll, N. Potischman, N. Caporaso, and R. Sinha Relative Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire with a Meat-Cooking and Heterocyclic Amine Module Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., February 1, 2004; 13(2): 293 - 298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Sinha, M. Kulldorff, W.-H. Chow, J. Denobile, and N. Rothman Dietary Intake of Heterocyclic Amines, Meat-derived Mutagenic Activity, and Risk of Colorectal Adenomas Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2001; 10(5): 559 - 562. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.A. Williams Single nucleotide polymorphisms, metabolic activation and environmental carcinogenesis: why molecular epidemiologists should think about enzyme expression Carcinogenesis, February 1, 2001; 22(2): 209 - 214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. J. Fretland, U. S. Devanaboyina, Y. Feng, M. A. Leff, G. H. Xiao, S. J. Webb, and D. W. Hein Oral Administration of 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) Yields PhIP-DNA Adducts but Not Tumors in Male Syrian Hamsters Congenic at the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) Locus Toxicol. Sci., February 1, 2001; 59(2): 226 - 230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. S. Kulp, M. G. Knize, M. A. Malfatti, C. P. Salmon, and J. S. Felton Identification of urine metabolites of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine following consumption of a single cooked chicken meal in humans Carcinogenesis, November 1, 2000; 21(11): 2065 - 2072. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.A. Williams, F.L. Martin, G.H. Muir, A. Hewer, P.L. Grover, and D.H. Phillips Metabolic activation of carcinogens and expression of various cytochromes P450 in human prostate tissue Carcinogenesis, September 1, 2000; 21(9): 1683 - 1689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|