© 1998 by Oxford University Press
Journal Of The National Cancer Institute, Vol 90, 1440-1450, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
P Boffetta, A Agudo, W Ahrens, E Benhamou, S Benhamou, SC Darby, G Ferro, C Fortes, CA Gonzalez, KH Jockel, M Krauss, L Kreienbrock, M Kreuzer, A Mendes, F Merletti, F Nyberg, G Pershagen, H Pohlabeln, E Riboli, G Schmid, L Simonato, J Tredaniel, E Whitley, HE Wichmann and R Saracci
BACKGROUND: An association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
(ETS) and lung cancer risk has been suggested. To evaluate this possible
association better, researchers need more precise estimates of risk, the
relative contribution of different sources of ETS, and the effect of ETS
exposure on different histologic types of lung cancer. To address these
issues, we have conducted a case-control study of lung cancer and exposure
to ETS in 12 centers from seven European countries. METHODS: A total of 650
patients with lung cancer and 1542 control subjects up to 74 years of age
were interviewed about exposure to ETS. Neither case subjects nor control
subjects had smoked more than 400 cigarettes in their lifetime. RESULTS:
ETS exposure during childhood was not associated with an increased risk of
lung cancer (odds ratio [OR] for ever exposure = 0.78; 95% confidence
interval [CI] = 0.64- 0.96). The OR for ever exposure to spousal ETS was
1.16 (95% CI = 0.93- 1.44). No clear dose-response relationship could be
demonstrated for cumulative spousal ETS exposure. The OR for ever exposure
to workplace ETS was 1.17 (95% CI = 0.94-1.45), with possible evidence of
increasing risk for increasing duration of exposure. No increase in risk
was detected in subjects whose exposure to spousal or workplace ETS ended
more than 15 years earlier. Ever exposure to ETS from other sources was not
associated with lung cancer risk. Risks from combined exposure to spousal
and workplace ETS were higher for squamous cell carcinoma and small-cell
carcinoma than for adenocarcinoma, but the differences were not
statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate no association
between childhood exposure to ETS and lung cancer risk. We did find weak
evidence of a dose-response relationship between risk of lung cancer and
exposure to spousal and workplace ETS. There was no detectable risk after
cessation of exposure.
REVIEWS
Multicenter case-control study of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer in Europe
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. boffetta@iarc.fr
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