© 1996 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 88, No. 6, 365-371,
March 20, 1996
© 1996 Oxford University Press
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer According to Family History of Breast Cancer
Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health Boston
Channing Laboratory Boston
Correspondence to: Graham A. Colditz, M.B.B.S., 180 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115-5899.
BACKGROUND:: Family history of breast cancer is an established risk factor for this disease and is used to identify women at higher risk, although the impact of risk factors for breast cancer among women with a family history is not well defined.
PURPOSE:: Using a modified extended log-incidence Pike model, we prospectively examined the impact of risk factors for breast cancer among women with and without a family history of the disease.
METHODS:: Data analyzed were obtained prospectively from the Nurses' Health Study. Two thousand two hundred forty-nine incident cases of invasive breast cancer were identified in a cohort of 89 132 women aged 30–55 years in 1976 followed biennially through 1990 (1.1 million person-years of follow-up). With the use of proportional hazards models, we evaluated the association between risk factors for breast cancer and risk among women with and those without a family history of the disease. We then fit a modified extended log-incidence Pike model to these data.
RESULTS:: Among women with a family history of breast cancer, reproductive risk factors had associations that were different from those observed among women without a family history of the disease. In particular, we observed little protection from later age at menarche, no protection from multiple births when compared with nulliparity, nor from early, as compared with later, age at first birth. Fitting these data to a model of breast cancer incidence on the basis of reproductive risk factors, we observed an adverse effect of first pregnancy on risk of breast cancer among women with a family history of breast cancer that was approximately 50% greater in magnitude than among women without a family history. Additional births after the first birth conveyed little protection for women with a family history. History of benign breast disease, past use of oral contraceptives, and use of postmenopausal hormones showed relative risks that did not differ between women with a family history and those without a family history of the disease.
CONCLUSIONS:: We observed a consistent increase in risk of breast cancer among women with a mother or sister history of the disease that was exacerbated by first pregnancy. Among women with a family history of breast cancer, the adverse effect of pregnancy persisted so that to age 70 years, parous women were at higher risk of breast cancer than nulliparous women. Among women without a family history of the disease, first pregnancy was associated with a smaller increase in risk, and early pregnancy and higher number of births were each associated with reduced breast cancer incidence. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88:365–71]
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  Y. Yasui, P. A. Newcomb, A. Trentham-Dietz, and K. M. Egan Familial Relative Risk Estimates for Use in Epidemiologic Analyses Am. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2006; 164(7): 697 - 705. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Y. Chen and J. E. Manson Premature Ovarian Failure in Cancer Survivors: New Insights, Looming Concerns. J Natl Cancer Inst, July 5, 2006; 98(13): 880 - 881. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. H. Eliassen, S. A. Missmer, S. S. Tworoger, and S. E. Hankinson Endogenous Steroid Hormone Concentrations and Risk of Breast Cancer: Does the Association Vary by a Woman's Predicted Breast Cancer Risk? J. Clin. Oncol., April 20, 2006; 24(12): 1823 - 1830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. B. Kenney, Y. Yasui, P. D. Inskip, S. Hammond, J. P. Neglia, A. C. Mertens, A. T. Meadows, D. Friedman, L. L. Robison, and L. Diller Breast Cancer after Childhood Cancer: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study Ann Intern Med, October 19, 2004; 141(8): 590 - 597. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Armstrong, J. S. Schwartz, T. Randall, S. C. Rubin, and B. Weber Hormone Replacement Therapy and Life Expectancy After Prophylactic Oophorectomy in Women With BRCA1/2 Mutations: A Decision Analysis J. Clin. Oncol., March 15, 2004; 22(6): 1045 - 1054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M.-C. King, J. H. Marks, and J. B. Mandell Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risks Due to Inherited Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Science, October 24, 2003; 302(5645): 643 - 646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. S. Hamilton and T. M. Mack Puberty and Genetic Susceptibility to Breast Cancer in a Case-Control Study in Twins N. Engl. J. Med., June 5, 2003; 348(23): 2313 - 2322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Hartge Genes, Hormones, and Pathways to Breast Cancer N. Engl. J. Med., June 5, 2003; 348(23): 2352 - 2354. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Becher, S. Schmidt, and J. Chang-Claude Reproductive factors and familial predisposition for breast cancer by age 50 years. A case-control-family study for assessing main effects and possible gene-environment interaction Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2003; 32(1): 38 - 48. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Swerdlow, B. L. De Stavola, B. Floderus, N. V. Holm, J. Kaprio, P. K. Verkasalo, and T. Mack Risk Factors for Breast Cancer at Young Ages in Twins: An International Population-Based Study J Natl Cancer Inst, August 21, 2002; 94(16): 1238 - 1246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Watson, J. Austoker, and A. Lucassen A study of GP referrals to a family cancer clinic for breast/ovarian cancer Fam. Pract., April 1, 2001; 18(2): 131 - 134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. M. Grabrick, L. C. Hartmann, J. R. Cerhan, R. A. Vierkant, T. M. Therneau, C. M. Vachon, J. E. Olson, F. J. Couch, K. E. Anderson, V. S. Pankratz, et al. Risk of Breast Cancer With Oral Contraceptive Use in Women With a Family History of Breast Cancer JAMA, October 11, 2000; 284(14): 1791 - 1798. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N Andrieu, T Prevost, T. Rohan, E Luporsi, M. Le, M Gerber, D. Zaridze, Y Lifanova, R Renaud, H. Lee, et al. Variation in the interaction between familial and reproductive factors on the risk of breast cancer according to age, menopausal status, and degree of familiality Int. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2000; 29(2): 214 - 223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Armstrong, A. Eisen, and B. Weber Assessing the Risk of Breast Cancer N. Engl. J. Med., February 24, 2000; 342(8): 564 - 571. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Zhang, D. J. Hunter, M. R. Forman, B. A. Rosner, F. E. Speizer, G. A. Colditz, J. E. Manson, S. E. Hankinson, and W. C. Willett Dietary Carotenoids and Vitamins A, C, and E and Risk of Breast Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, March 17, 1999; 91(6): 547 - 556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. T. Lynch, M. J. Casey, T. G. Shaw, and J. F. Lynch Hereditary Factors in Gynecologic Cancer Oncologist, October 1, 1998; 3(5): 319 - 338. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. V. Rajan, M. Wang, S. T. Marquis, and L. A. Chodosh Brca2 is coordinately regulated with Brca1 during proliferation and differentiation in mammary epithelial cells PNAS, November 12, 1996; 93(23): 13078 - 13083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|