© 1993 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 85, No. 21, 1743-1747,
November 3, 1993
© 1993 Oxford University Press
Effects of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Human Breast Cancer Growth and Metastases in Nude Mice
American Health Foundation Valhalla, N.Y.
Correspondence to:David P. Rose, M.D., Ph.D., Division of Nutrition and Endocrinology, American Health Foundation. Valhalla, NY 10595.
BACKGROUND: Diets rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulate the growth and metastases of transplantable mammary carcinomas in rodents, whereas fish oil-containing diets, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, suppress the growth of these mammary tumor cells.
PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of a diet rich in menhaden fish oil on the growth and metastases of MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells in a mouse model system.
METHODS: Ninety female athymic nude mice (Ncr-nuJnu) were fed a 23% (wtiwt) corn oil, omega-6 fatty acid- rich diet; after 7 days, 1 x 106 estrogen-Independent MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells were injected into a thoracic mammary fat pad. The 23% corn oil diet was continued for a further 7 days, after which the mice were assigned randomly to one of three diets containing a total of 23% fat, but different proportions of corn oil and menhaden oil (diet Cm: 18% corn oil and 5% menhaden oil, diet CM: 11.5% corn oil and 11.5% menhaden oil, and diet cM: 5% corn oil and 18% menhaden oil). Animal body weights and the surface area of the mammary fat pad tumors were recorded weekly. The mice were killed after 12 weeks on the experimental diets. Primary tumor surface areas and body weights were compared by unpaired Student's t tests, the incidence of lung metastases by the chi-square test, and differences in the total volumes of lung metastases by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test.
RESULTS: Tumor growth rates in the mice of the group fed diet Cm were significantly greater than for mice of either of the two groups fed diets containing higher levels of menhaden oil. Of the mice with primary tumors, the incidence of macroscopic lung metastases was greater in those fed diet Cm, compared with those fed diet cM (57.7% versus 22.2%; P<.01), but not significantly different from the mice fed diet CM. When metastases did occur, their extent was significantly greater in mice fed diet Cm, compared with those fed diet cM (P<.0Ol).
CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that a high-fat diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids can suppress human breast cancer cell growth and metastases in this mouse model system.
IMPLICATIONS: Dietary intervention trials to reduce recurrence risk in the postsurglcal breast cancer patient should take account not only of the level of fat consumed, but also its fatty acid composition. [J Natl Cancer Inst 85:1743–1747, 1993]
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. E. Olivo-Marston, Y. Zhu, R. Y. Lee, A. Cabanes, G. Khan, A. Zwart, Y. Wang, R. Clarke, and L. Hilakivi-Clarke Gene Signaling Pathways Mediating the Opposite Effects of Prepubertal Low-Fat and High-Fat n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Diets on Mammary Cancer Risk Cancer Prevention Research, December 1, 2008; 1(7): 532 - 545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Sun, I. M. Berquin, R. T. Owens, J. T. O'Flaherty, and I. J. Edwards Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {gamma}-Mediated Up-regulation of Syndecan-1 by n-3 Fatty Acids Promotes Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer Cells Cancer Res., April 15, 2008; 68(8): 2912 - 2919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Lee, K. M. Gura, S. Kim, D. A. Arsenault, B. R. Bistrian, and M. Puder Current Clinical Applications of {Omega}-6 and {Omega}-3 Fatty Acids Nutr Clin Pract, August 1, 2006; 21(4): 323 - 341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W.-Q. Ding, B. Liu, J. L. Vaught, R. D. Palmiter, and S. E. Lind Clioquinol and docosahexaenoic acid act synergistically to kill tumor cells. Mol. Cancer Ther., July 1, 2006; 5(7): 1864 - 1872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Hilakivi-Clarke, S. E. Olivo, A. Shajahan, G. Khan, Y. Zhu, A. Zwart, E. Cho, and R. Clarke Mechanisms Mediating the Effects of Prepubertal (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Diet on Breast Cancer Risk in Rats J. Nutr., December 1, 2005; 135(12): 2946S - 2952S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. E. Olivo and L. Hilakivi-Clarke Opposing effects of prepubertal low- and high-fat n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diets on rat mammary tumorigenesis Carcinogenesis, September 1, 2005; 26(9): 1563 - 1572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Sauer, R. T. Dauchy, D. E. Blask, J. A. Krause, L. K. Davidson, and E. M. Dauchy Eicosapentaenoic Acid Suppresses Cell Proliferation in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Xenografts in Nude Rats via a Pertussis Toxin-Sensitive Signal Transduction Pathway J. Nutr., September 1, 2005; 135(9): 2124 - 2129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. D. Yee, D. C. Young, T. J. Rosol, A. M. VanBuskirk, and S. K. Clinton Dietary (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibit HER-2/neu-Induced Breast Cancer in Mice Independently of the PPAR{gamma} Ligand Rosiglitazone J. Nutr., May 1, 2005; 135(5): 983 - 988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. J. Edwards, I. M. Berquin, H. Sun, J. T. O'Flaherty, L. W. Daniel, M. J. Thomas, L. L. Rudel, R. L. Wykle, and Y. Q. Chen Differential Effects of Delivery of Omega-3 Fatty Acids to Human Cancer Cells by Low-Density Lipoproteins versus Albumin Clin. Cancer Res., December 15, 2004; 10(24): 8275 - 8283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. E. Hardman (n-3) Fatty Acids and Cancer Therapy J. Nutr., December 1, 2004; 134(12): 3427S - 3430S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Utomo, X. Jiang, S. Furuta, J. Yun, D. S. Levin, Y.-C. J. Wang, K. V. Desai, J. E. Green, P.-L. Chen, and W.-H. Lee Identification of a Novel Putative Non-selenocysteine Containing Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase (NPGPx) Essential for Alleviating Oxidative Stress Generated from Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Breast Cancer Cells J. Biol. Chem., October 15, 2004; 279(42): 43522 - 43529. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-Q. Ding, J. L. Vaught, H. Yamauchi, and S. E. Lind Differential sensitivity of cancer cells to docosahexaenoic acid-induced cytotoxicity: The potential importance of down-regulation of superoxide dismutase 1 expression Mol. Cancer Ther., September 1, 2004; 3(9): 1109 - 1117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Sauer, R. T. Dauchy, D. E. Blask, J. A. Krause, L. K. Davidson, E. M. Dauchy, K. J. Welham, and K. Coupland Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers and Trans Fatty Acids Inhibit Fatty Acid Transport in Hepatoma 7288CTC and Inguinal Fat Pads in Buffalo Rats J. Nutr., August 1, 2004; 134(8): 1989 - 1997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B. Kennett, J. D. Roberts, and K. Olden Requirement of Protein Kinase C{micro} Activation and Calpain-mediated Proteolysis for Arachidonic Acid-stimulated Adhesion of MDA-MB-435 Human Mammary Carcinoma Cells to Collagen Type IV J. Biol. Chem., January 30, 2004; 279(5): 3300 - 3307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. D Terry, T. E Rohan, and A. Wolk Intakes of fish and marine fatty acids and the risks of cancers of the breast and prostate and of other hormone-related cancers: a review of the epidemiologic evidence Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2003; 77(3): 532 - 543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. E. Hardman Omega-3 Fatty Acids to Augment Cancer Therapy J. Nutr., November 1, 2002; 132(11): 3508S - 3512. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. E. Cowing and K. E. Saker Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Mammary Cancer J. Nutr., April 1, 2001; 131(4): 1125 - 1128. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Boudreau, K. H. Sohn, S. H. Rhee, S. W. Lee, J. D. Hunt, and D. H. Hwang Suppression of Tumor Cell Growth Both in Nude Mice and in Culture by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Mediation through Cyclooxygenase-independent Pathways Cancer Res., February 1, 2001; 61(4): 1386 - 1391. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Wang, Y. E. Liu, J. Ni, B. Aygun, I. D. Goldberg, and Y. E. Shi Induction of Mammary Differentiation by Mammary-derived Growth Inhibitor-related Gene That Interacts with an {{omega}}-3 Fatty Acid on Growth Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cells Cancer Res., November 1, 2000; 60(22): 6482 - 6487. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Sauer, R. T. Dauchy, and D. E. Blask Mechanism for the Antitumor and Anticachectic Effects of n-3 Fatty Acids Cancer Res., September 1, 2000; 60(18): 5289 - 5295. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Fernandez, L. Chatenoud, C. La Vecchia, E. Negri, and S. Franceschi Fish consumption and cancer risk Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 1999; 70(1): 85 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. E. Steele, C. A. Holmes, E. T. Hawk, L. Kopelovich, R. A. Lubet, J. A. Crowell, C. C. Sigman, and G. J. Kelloff Lipoxygenase Inhibitors as Potential Cancer Chemopreventives Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 1999; 8(5): 467 - 483. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. D. Holmes, D. J. Hunter, G. A. Colditz, M. J. Stampfer, S. E. Hankinson, F. E. Speizer, B. Rosner, and W. C. Willett Association of Dietary Intake of Fat and Fatty Acids With Risk of Breast Cancer JAMA, March 10, 1999; 281(10): 914 - 920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Chen and K. Auborn Fish oil constituent docosahexa-enoic acid selectively inhibits growth of human papillomavirus immortalized keratinocytes Carcinogenesis, February 1, 1999; 20(2): 249 - 254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|