© 1992 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 84, No. 11, 845-855,
June 3, 1992
© 1992 Oxford University Press
Accumulation of p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene Protein: An Independent Marker of Prognosis in Breast Cancers
Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, Mass
Department of Radiation Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, Mass
Biomedical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories Livermore, Calif
Department of Human Genetics, Cetus Corp. Emeryville, Calif
Department of Preventive Medicine and Pathology, Creighton University Omaha, Neb
Geraldine Brush Cancer Research Institute at the California Pacific Medical Center San Francisco
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco
*Correspondence to: Ann D. Thor, M.D., Department of Pathology, Warren 2, Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114.
Background: Mutations of the tumor suppressor gene p53 have been identified in breast cancer cell lines, and some breast carcinomas are detectable by immunohistochemical assay because of p53 protein accumulation. Purpose: This study was designed to determine whether p53 protein accumulation in breast cancers correlates with p53 gene mutation, with survival, and with five pathobiologic factors associated with prognosis. Methods: IgGl monoclonal antibody to human p53 protein (PAb 1801) and immunohistochemical methods were used to detect p53 protein accumulation in archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, randomly selected carcinomas. We studied 295 invasive ductal carcinomas from the Massachusetts General Hospital; 151 were determined to be sporadic (not hereditary). We also studied 97 invasive ductal carcinomas—21 sporadic and 76 familial (hereditary)—from Creighton University. In addition, we examined 31 archival in situ carcinomas, 15 snap-frozen invasive ductal carcinomas, primary cell cultures from three benign breast tissue samples, and breast carcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468. Results: Nuclear p53 protein was observed in 16% of the 31 in situ carcinomas, 22% of the 172 sporadic carcinomas, 34% of the 50 tumors from patients with familial breast cancer, 52% of the 23 tumors from patients with the familial breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, and all three tumors from two patients with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome. There was complete concordance between p53 gene mutation and p53 protein accumulation in the 15 snap-frozen carcinomas and in both breast carcinoma cell lines. Statistically significant associations of p53 protein accumulation with estrogen receptor negativity and with high nuclear grade were found. There were statistically significant associations, independent of other prognostic factors, between p53 protein accumulation and metastasis-free and overall survival, for randomly accrued and for both sporadic and familial tumors. Conclusions: Immu-nohistochemically detected p53 protein accumulation was an independent marker of shortened survival and was seen more often in familial than in sporadic carcinomas. Our findings also suggest a correlation between p53 protein accumulation was an independent marker of shortened survival and was seen more often in familial than in sporadic carcinomas. Our findings also suggest a correlation between p53 protein accumulation and p53 gene mutation. [J Natl Cancer Inst 84: 845–855, 1992]
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  L. K. Dunnwald, J. R. Gralow, G. K. Ellis, R. B. Livingston, H. M. Linden, J. M. Specht, R. K. Doot, T. J. Lawton, W. E. Barlow, B. F. Kurland, et al. Tumor Metabolism and Blood Flow Changes by Positron Emission Tomography: Relation to Survival in Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., September 20, 2008; 26(27): 4449 - 4457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V Malamou-Mitsi, H Gogas, U Dafni, A Bourli, T Fillipidis, M Sotiropoulou, D Vlachodimitropoulos, S Papadopoulos, O Tzaida, G Kafiri, et al. Evaluation of the prognostic and predictive value of p53 and Bcl-2 in breast cancer patients participating in a randomized study with dose-dense sequential adjuvant chemotherapy Ann. Onc., October 1, 2006; 17(10): 1504 - 1511. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. J. Boersma, T. M. Howe, J. E. Goodman, H. G. Yfantis, D. H. Lee, S. J. Chanock, and S. Ambs Association of Breast Cancer Outcome With Status of p53 and MDM2 SNP309. J Natl Cancer Inst, July 5, 2006; 98(13): 911 - 919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. E. Rohan, S.-Q. Li, R. Hartwick, and R. A. Kandel p53 Alterations and Protein Accumulation in Benign Breast Tissue and Breast Cancer Risk: A Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2006; 15(7): 1316 - 1323. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. E. Hershey, R. R. Dubielzig, M. L. Padilla, and S. C. Helfand Aberrant p53 Expression in Feline Vaccine-associated Sarcomas and Correlation with Prognosis Vet. Pathol., November 1, 2005; 42(6): 805 - 811. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Irie, A. Yamauchi, K. Kontani, M. Kihara, D. Liu, Y. Shirato, M. Seki, N. Nishi, T. Nakamura, H. Yokomise, et al. Galectin-9 as a Prognostic Factor with Antimetastatic Potential in Breast Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., April 15, 2005; 11(8): 2962 - 2968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Gonzalez-Angulo, N. Sneige, A. U. Buzdar, V. Valero, S.-W. Kau, K. Broglio, Y. Yamamura, G. N. Hortobagyi, and M. Cristofanilli p53 Expression as a Prognostic Marker in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., September 15, 2004; 10(18): 6215 - 6221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P J van Diest, E van der Wall, and J P A Baak Prognostic value of proliferation in invasive breast cancer: a review J. Clin. Pathol., July 1, 2004; 57(7): 675 - 681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Osborne, P. Wilson, and D. Tripathy Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes in Breast Cancer: Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications Oncologist, July 1, 2004; 9(4): 361 - 377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Leppa, T. Saarto, L. Vehmanen, C. Blomqvist, and I. Elomaa A High Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Level Is Associated with an Adverse Prognosis in Node-Positive Breast Carcinoma Clin. Cancer Res., February 1, 2004; 10(3): 1057 - 1063. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H P Kourea, A K Koutras, C D Scopa, M N Marangos, E Tzoracoeleftherakis, D Koukouras, and H P Kalofonos Expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins p34cdc2, p21waf1, and p53 in node negative invasive ductal breast carcinoma Mol. Pathol., December 1, 2003; 56(6): 328 - 335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. A. Mankoff, L. K. Dunnwald, J. R. Gralow, G. K. Ellis, E. K. Schubert, J. Tseng, T. J. Lawton, H. M. Linden, and R. B. Livingston Changes in Blood Flow and Metabolism in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy J. Nucl. Med., November 1, 2003; 44(11): 1806 - 1814. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Havrilesky, K. M. Darcy, H. Hamdan, R. L. Priore, J. Leon, J. Bell, and A. Berchuck Prognostic Significance of p53 Mutation and p53 Overexpression in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study J. Clin. Oncol., October 15, 2003; 21(20): 3814 - 3825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. G. Swisher, J. A. Roth, R. Komaki, J. Gu, J. J. Lee, M. Hicks, J. Y. Ro, W. K. Hong, J. A. Merritt, K. Ahrar, et al. Induction of p53-regulated Genes and Tumor Regression in Lung Cancer Patients after Intratumoral Delivery of Adenoviral p53 (INGN 201) and Radiation Therapy Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2003; 9(1): 93 - 101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. A. McPherson, A. V. Loktev, and R. J. Weigel Tumor Suppressor Activity of AP2alpha Mediated through a Direct Interaction with p53 J. Biol. Chem., November 15, 2002; 277(47): 45028 - 45033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Gammon, R. M. Santella, A. I. Neugut, S. M. Eng, S. L. Teitelbaum, A. Paykin, B. Levin, M. B. Terry, T. L. Young, L. W. Wang, et al. Environmental Toxins and Breast Cancer on Long Island. I. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon DNA Adducts Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., August 1, 2002; 11(8): 677 - 685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. P. Claudio, A. Zamparelli, F. U. Garcia, L. Claudio, G. Ammirati, A. Farina, A. Bovicelli, G. Russo, G. G. Giordano, D. E. McGinnis, et al. Expression of Cell-Cycle-regulated Proteins pRb2/p130, p107, p27kip1, p53, mdm-2, and Ki-67 (MIB-1) in Prostatic Gland Adenocarcinoma Clin. Cancer Res., June 1, 2002; 8(6): 1808 - 1815. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Van Poznak, L. Tan, K. S. Panageas, C. D. Arroyo, C. Hudis, L. Norton, and A. D. Seidman Assessment of Molecular Markers of Clinical Sensitivity to Single-Agent Taxane Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., May 1, 2002; 20(9): 2319 - 2326. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Blanchard, M. E. Rusiniak, K. Sharma, X. Sun, I. Todorov, M. M. Castellano, C. Gutierrez, H. Baumann, and W. C. Burhans Targeted Destruction of DNA Replication Protein Cdc6 by Cell Death Pathways in Mammals and Yeast Mol. Biol. Cell, May 1, 2002; 13(5): 1536 - 1549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Mankoff, L. K. Dunnwald, J. R. Gralow, G. K. Ellis, A. Charlop, T. J. Lawton, E. K. Schubert, J. Tseng, and R. B. Livingston Blood Flow and Metabolism in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: Relationship to Response to Therapy J. Nucl. Med., April 1, 2002; 43(4): 500 - 509. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. J. Schnitt Traditional and Newer Pathologic Factors J Natl Cancer Inst Monographs, December 1, 2001; 2001(30): 22 - 26. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Torhorst, C. Bucher, J. Kononen, P. Haas, M. Zuber, O. R. Kochli, F. Mross, H. Dieterich, H. Moch, M. Mihatsch, et al. Tissue Microarrays for Rapid Linking of Molecular Changes to Clinical Endpoints Am. J. Pathol., December 1, 2001; 159(6): 2249 - 2256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Warner, D. B. Plewes, R. S. Shumak, G. C. Catzavelos, L. S. Di Prospero, M. J. Yaffe, V. Goel, E. Ramsay, P. L. Chart, D. E.C. Cole, et al. Comparison of Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mammography, and Ultrasound for Surveillance of Women at High Risk for Hereditary Breast Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 2001; 19(15): 3524 - 3531. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Thor, S. M. Edgerton, S. Liu, D. H. Moore II, and D. J. Kwiatkowski Gelsolin as a Negative Prognostic Factor and Effector of Motility in erbB-2-positive Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-positive Breast Cancers Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2001; 7(8): 2415 - 2424. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Liu, S. M. Edgerton, D. H. Moore II, and A. D. Thor Measures of Cell Turnover (Proliferation and Apoptosis) and Their Association with Survival in Breast Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., June 1, 2001; 7(6): 1716 - 1723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. K. Linderholm, T. Lindahl, L. Holmberg, S. Klaar, J. Lennerstrand, R. Henriksson, and J. Bergh The Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Correlates with Mutant p53 and Poor Prognosis in Human Breast Cancer Cancer Res., March 1, 2001; 61(5): 2256 - 2260. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X.-H. Yang, T. L. Sladek, X. Liu, B. R. Butler, C. J. Froelich, and A. D. Thor Reconstitution of Caspase 3 Sensitizes MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells to Doxorubicin- and Etoposide-induced Apoptosis Cancer Res., January 1, 2001; 61(1): 348 - 354. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Bertucci, R. Houlgatte, A. Benziane, S. Granjeaud, J. Adelaide, R. Tagett, B. Loriod, J. Jacquemier, P. Viens, B. Jordan, et al. Gene expression profiling of primary breast carcinomas using arrays of candidate genes Hum. Mol. Genet., December 1, 2000; 9(20): 2981 - 2991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Jolly and R. I. Morimoto Role of the Heat Shock Response and Molecular Chaperones in Oncogenesis and Cell Death J Natl Cancer Inst, October 4, 2000; 92(19): 1564 - 1572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Thor, S. Liu, S. Edgerton, D. Moore II, K. M. Kasowitz, C. C. Benz, D. F. Stern, and M. P. DiGiovanna Activation (Tyrosine Phosphorylation) of ErbB-2 (HER-2/neu): A Study of Incidence and Correlation With Outcome in Breast Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., September 15, 2000; 18(18): 3230 - 3239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Pich, E. Margaria, and L. Chiusa Oncogenes and Male Breast Carcinoma: c-erbB-2 and p53 Coexpression Predicts a Poor Survival J. Clin. Oncol., August 16, 2000; 18(16): 2948 - 2956. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Fabian, B. F. Kimler, C. M. Zalles, J. R. Klemp, S. Kamel, S. Zeiger, and M. S. Mayo Short-Term Breast Cancer Prediction by Random Periareolar Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and the Gail Risk Model J Natl Cancer Inst, August 2, 2000; 92(15): 1217 - 1227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. L. Gooch, R. E. Herrera, and D. Yee The Role of p21 in Interferon {{gamma}}-mediated Growth Inhibition of Human Breast Cancer Cells Cell Growth Differ., June 1, 2000; 11(6): 335 - 342. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. I. Quinn, S. M. Henshall, D. R. Head, D. Golovsky, J. D. Wilson, P. C. Brenner, J. J. Turner, W. Delprado, J. F. Finlayson, P. D. Stricker, et al. Prognostic Significance of p53 Nuclear Accumulation in Localized Prostate Cancer Treated with Radical Prostatectomy Cancer Res., March 1, 2000; 60(6): 1585 - 1594. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Nemunaitis, S. G. Swisher, T. Timmons, D. Connors, M. Mack, L. Doerksen, D. Weill, J. Wait, D. D. Lawrence, B. L. Kemp, et al. Adenovirus-Mediated p53 Gene Transfer in Sequence With Cisplatin to Tumors of Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., February 1, 2000; 18(3): 609 - 609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Mackay, D. Cameron, M. Rahilly, M. J. Mackean, J. Paul, S. B. Kaye, and R. Brown Reduced MLH1 Expression in Breast Tumors After Primary Chemotherapy Predicts Disease-Free Survival J. Clin. Oncol., January 5, 2000; 18(1): 87 - 87. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Kandioler-Eckersberger, C. Ludwig, M. Rudas, S. Kappel, E. Janschek, C. Wenzel, H. Schlagbauer-Wadl, M. Mittlböck, M. Gnant, G. Steger, et al. TP53 Mutation and p53 Overexpression for Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Treatment in Breast Cancer Patients Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2000; 6(1): 50 - 56. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Smith, A. A. Pollice, L.-P. Gu, K. A. Brown, S. G. Singh, L. E. Janocko, R. Johnson, T. Julian, D. Hyams, N. Wolmark, et al. Correlations Among p53, Her-2/neu, and ras Overexpression and Aneuploidy by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry in Human Breast Cancer: Evidence for a Common Phenotypic Evolutionary Pattern in Infiltrating Ductal Carcinomas Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2000; 6(1): 112 - 126. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Tanaka, S. Iwamoto, G. Gon, T. Nohara, M. Iwamoto, and N. Tanigawa Expression of survivin and Its Relationship to Loss of Apoptosis in Breast Carcinomas Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2000; 6(1): 127 - 134. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Lukas, N. Niu, and M. F. Press p53 Mutations and Expression in Breast Carcinoma in Situ Am. J. Pathol., January 1, 2000; 156(1): 183 - 191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. Kim, A. J. Raffo, P. W. Brandt-Rauf, M. R. Pincus, R. Monaco, P. Abarzua, and R. L. Fine Conformational and Molecular Basis for Induction of Apoptosis by a p53 C-terminal Peptide in Human Cancer Cells J. Biol. Chem., December 3, 1999; 274(49): 34924 - 34931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Placido, C. Carlomagno, F. Ciardiello, M. D. Laurentiis, S. Pepe, A. Ruggiero, G. Tortora, L. Panico, A. D'Antonio, G. Pettinato, et al. Measurement of Neovascularization Is an Independent Prognosticator of Survival in Node-negative Breast Cancer Patients with Long-Term Follow-Up Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 1999; 5(10): 2854 - 2859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Liu, A. Thor, E. Shtivelman, Y. Cao, G. Tu, T. D. Heath, and R. J. Debs Systemic Gene Delivery Expands the Repertoire of Effective Antiangiogenic Agents J. Biol. Chem., May 7, 1999; 274(19): 13338 - 13344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Homma, Y. Furuta, N. Oridate, Y. Nakano, G. Kohashi, K. Yagi, T. Nagahashi, S. Fukuda, K. Inoue, and Y. Inuyama Prognostic Significance of Clinical Parameters and Biological Markers in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 1999; 5(4): 801 - 806. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Gammon, H. Hibshoosh, M. B. Terry, S. Bose, J. B. Schoenberg, L. A. Brinton, J. L. Bernstein, and W. D. Thompson Cigarette Smoking and Other Risk Factors in Relation to p53 Expression in Breast Cancer among Young Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 1999; 8(3): 255 - 263. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Cordone, S. Masi, F. R. Mauro, S. Soddu, O. Morsilli, T. Valentini, M. L. Vegna, C. Guglielmi, F. Mancini, S. Giuliacci, et al. p53 Expression in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Marker of Disease Progression and Poor Prognosis Blood, June 1, 1998; 91(11): 4342 - 4349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Williams, T. Norberg, A. Ahmadian, F. Ponten, J. Bergh, M. Inganas, J. Lundeberg, and M. Uhlen Assessment of sequence-based p53 gene analysis in human breast cancer: messenger RNA in comparison with genomic DNA targets Clin. Chem., March 1, 1998; 44(3): 455 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Ichikawa, T. Kinoshita, T. Watanabe, H. Kato, H. Nagai, K. Tsushita, H. Saito, and T. Hotta Mutations of the p53 Gene as a Prognostic Factor in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma N. Engl. J. Med., August 21, 1997; 337(8): 529 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Naka, Y. Iwamoto, N. Shinohara, H. Chuman, and M. Tsuneyoshi p53 Accumulation in Malignant Bone Tumors: An Immunohistochemical Analysis of 217 Cases International Journal of Surgical Pathology, July 1, 1997; 5(1-2): 1 - 9. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Robbins p53 and Breast Cancer International Journal of Surgical Pathology, October 1, 1996; 4(2): 93 - 110. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. McHugh, S. Bose, and J. P. Palazzo p53 Expression in Endocervical and Endometrial Adenocarcinomas: An Immunohistochemical Study With Clinical Correlation International Journal of Surgical Pathology, April 1, 1995; 2(4): 269 - 273. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L A Donehower, L A Godley, C M Aldaz, R Pyle, Y P Shi, D Pinkel, J Gray, A Bradley, D Medina, and H E Varmus Deficiency of p53 accelerates mammary tumorigenesis in Wnt-1 transgenic mice and promotes chromosomal instability. Genes & Dev., April 1, 1995; 9(7): 882 - 895. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. S. Wachtel, G. Wachtel, L. P. Shulman, O. Phillips, B. Miller, and G. Photopulos Identification of p53 Mutations in Endometrial Adenocarcinoma by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Reproductive Sciences, July 1, 1994; 1(3): 234 - 237. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. B. Muss, A. D. Thor, D. A. Berry, T. Kute, E. T. Liu, F. Koerner, C. T. Cirrincione, D. R. Budman, W. C. Wood, M. Barcos, et al. c-erbB-2 Expression and Response to Adjuvant Therapy in Women with Node-Positive Early Breast Cancer N. Engl. J. Med., May 5, 1994; 330(18): 1260 - 1266. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. P. Rutz, R. O. Mirimanoff, C. Bokemeyer, M. A. Kuczyk, J. Sehrt, M. Muller, M. Volkmann, H. Zentgraf, and P. R. Galle Clinical Implications of the p53 Tumor-Suppressor Gene N. Engl. J. Med., March 24, 1994; 330(12): 864 - 865. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. C. Harris and M. Hollstein Clinical Implications of the p53 Tumor-Suppressor Gene N. Engl. J. Med., October 28, 1993; 329(18): 1318 - 1327. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Cristofolini, S. Boi, S. Girlando, G. Zumiani, P. Cristofolini, P. D. Palma, C. Doglioni, and M. Barbareschi p53 Protein Expression in Nevi and Melanomas Arch Dermatol, June 1, 1993; 129(6): 739 - 743. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B Vojtesek and D. Lane Regulation of p53 protein expression in human breast cancer cell lines J. Cell Sci., January 7, 1993; 105(3): 607 - 612. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Tu, A. L. Kirchmaier, D. Liggitt, Y. Liu, S. Liu, W. H. Yu, T. D. Heath, A. Thor, and R. J. Debs Non-replicating Epstein-Barr Virus-based Plasmids Extend Gene Expression and Can Improve Gene Therapy in Vivo J. Biol. Chem., September 22, 2000; 275(39): 30408 - 30416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|