© 1990 by Oxford University Press
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 82, No. 7, 561-569,
April 4, 1990
© 1990 Oxford University Press
Dietary Factors and Risk of Breast Cancer: Combined Analysis of 12 Case—Control Studies
Epidemiology Unit, National Cancer Institute of Canada, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, HI
Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Epidemiology Studies, Ministry of Health, La Plata, Argentina, and Israel Center for Registration of Cancer and Allied Diseases, Jerusalem, Israel
Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China Athens, Greece
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Athens, Greece
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, University of Milan, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milan Milan, Italy
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Adelaide, Australia
Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center New York, NY
Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
We conducted a combined analysis of the original data to evaluate the consistency of 12 case-control studies of diet and breast cancer. Our analysis shows a consistent, statistically significant, positive association between breast cancer risk and saturated fat intake in postmenopausal women (relative risk for highest vs. lowest quintile, 1.46; P <.0001). A consistent protective effect for a number of markers of fruit and vegetable intake was demonstrated; vitamin C intake had the most consistent and statistically significant inverse association with breast cancer risk (relative risk for highest vs. lowest quintile, 0.69; P <.0001). If these dietary associations represent causality, the attributable risk (i.e., the percentage of breast cancers that might be prevented by dietary modification) in the North American population is estimated to be 24% for postmenopausal women and 16% for premeno-pausal women. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82: 561–569, 1990]
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